Quantum Mechanics

Albert Einstein proposed that light is made up of discrete packets of energy, which he called "quanta." This theory helped to lay the foundation for the development of quantum mechanics.

No, work and energy are related but not always equal. Work is a measure of the transfer of energy from one system to another, while energy is the ability to do work. In certain situations, such as when energy is transformed into different forms, work and energy may not be equal.

In short, it is called de Broglie wave (or matter wave). Which relates frequency and wavelength to momentum and energy. This relation then leads to group velocity which is an important part of quantum mechanics.

There is currently no experimental evidence to prove the existence of tachyons, hypothetical particles that travel faster than the speed of light. Theoretical frameworks, such as some interpretations of quantum field theory, suggest their existence, but they still remain purely theoretical and have not been detected.

For now, no particle has a mass less than zero. The Electron Neutrino for example has a mass of 0.0000079 eV (Or something like that). And the Charm quark has a mass of 1.29 GeV. Maybe you mistook it with spin or charge?

A person moving in the same frame as the moving mirrors would not be able to observe any change in the time it took the photon to travel between the two mirrors. It would not matter if the direction of travel was parallel or perpindicular to the motion of the photon, and this null effect would continue even if the observer was travelling at 99.9999% of the speed of light.

In the game "Maria Went to Town," players take turns drawing a grid of dots and connecting them with lines to form boxes. When a player completes a box, they place their initial in it and take another turn. The player with the most boxes at the end of the game wins.

In general, we can say a surface is smooth if it's lack of any "grip" or textural features presents no friction.

Did you mean normalization or renormalization?

Normalization involves determination of constants such that the value and first determinant of each segment of a wave function match at the intersections of the segments.

Renormalization is a process to remove infinities from a wave function.

Some disadvantages of quantum cryptography include its high cost of implementation, technical complexity, and limited range for secure communication due to the need for specialized equipment. Additionally, quantum cryptography is vulnerable to certain types of attacks, such as side-channel attacks and practical limitations in current quantum technology.

Louis de Broglie was the physicist who proposed that electrons exhibit wave-like behavior and can be described by mathematical equations, known as wave-particle duality equations. He introduced the concept of matter waves, which ultimately contributed to the development of quantum mechanics.

Zero Field Cooling - Field Cooling

Measuring an effect from a field in the two following ways:

ZFC- Applying the field at a relatively low temperature compared to a characteristic temperature and continuously measuring the effects of the field as you raise the temperature to a level well above the characteristic level.

FC - Applying the field at a relatively high temperature compared to a characteristic temperature and continuously measuring the effects of the field as you lower the temperature to a level well below the characteristic level.

FC can be thought of as the reverse process to ZFC. If the effect you're measuring doesn't reverse using ZFC-FC, then you have something interesting on your hands.

Mathematically, it's based upon analysis (calculus, differential equations, etc.) as are most fields of physics, but what really sets quantum apart from other physics fields is it's fundamental mathematical dependence on probability, linear algebra, and group theory.

It's conceptually based on uncertainty, probability, and discreteness (as opposed to absolute and continuous).

It doesn't, from the equation E = h*f (E is energy, h is Planck's constant, f is frequency) you can clearly see that energy is a function of frequency, not amplitude (intensity). Therefore, it doesn't even matter what the relationship between stopping potential and energy is, because it will only depend on frequency, which is sufficient knowledge to answer this question.

Light is narrow on the spectrum because it consists of electromagnetic waves with specific wavelengths. Each color of light corresponds to a different wavelength, resulting in the distinct colors we see in the visible spectrum. This narrow range is due to the specific interactions between photons and atoms/molecules that determine the wavelengths of light that are emitted or absorbed.

Einstein's work on the Photoelectric effect, which won him the Nobel prize in 1921 was a bulwark of Quantum Mechanics. Einstein went off in another direction because of his inate suspicion that Quantum Mechanics has severe internal difficulties. Quantum Mechanics and Relativity have not yet been reconciled--but they are moving together slowly. Quantum Gravity seems to be key to the issue and may be resolved by String Theory.

For general waves...probably d'Alembert, who solved the one-dimensional wave equation. In quantum it would have to be Schrodinger.

Light has have wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum. Very little of this spectrum can actually be seen. So it behaves like a wave in that it can be decoded in the case of visible light by your eyes and turned into a useful information by your brain. Radio waves, which are lower on the spectrum than visible light, is decoded by radios. So we know it is a wave. What we also know is that it is a particle. Electrons can be harvested into electricity by PV cells so we also know that it is particle too. There is a fair amount of study into light and the properties of light.

The uncertainty principle was formulated by German physicist Werner Heisenberg in 1927 as part of his work in quantum mechanics. It states that certain pairs of physical properties, such as position and momentum of a particle, cannot be precisely known simultaneously.

What's meant is that the equation has multiple solutions all existing at the same time. In quantum, the observable solution of a state isn't determined until measurement, before that, the state is simultaneously in all solutions.

Phase difference in wave propagation results in interference patterns. When waves with a phase difference interact, they can either reinforce each other (constructive interference) or cancel each other out (destructive interference), affecting the overall amplitude of the resulting wave. This phenomenon is commonly observed in various wave systems, such as light and sound.

The function of damping current is to reduce oscillations or ringing in a circuit by dissipating excess energy. It helps stabilize the system and prevent it from overshooting or oscillating uncontrollably. Damping currents are often used in applications like electrical circuits, mechanical systems, and control systems to improve system response and stability.