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Submarines
Submarines are naval craft that can operate for an extended period of time underwater. They are used primarily as warships, as well as for business, scientific and other purposes. Submarines are different from submersibles, which only have limited underwater capability.
2,056 Questions
What did the first microscope look like?
Almost like a musical instrument
One of the first (see the link below) was a brass plate with a glass bead for a lens, behind the glass bead was a needle on a screw for the specimen.
How important was the German foreign policy of unrestricted naval and submarine warfare?
It led to Woodrow Wilson's hesitant declaration of war and caused the United States to cut all diplomatic ties to Germany. American propaganda flew like wild fire, enraging citizens and causing them to believe that Germany were blood-thirsty Huns that drew up mass murder without a bat of an eyelash. This also lead into the ideals of anti-German products...or the renaming of them such as Burgers to "freedom steaks" or etc.
The declaration of war on Germany in 1917 was mostly influenced by German naval policy, although American economic interest and Woodrow Wilson's idealism did portray a part.
On February 1915, Germans created a submarine blockade in the British Empire's Ocean's, sinking several belligerent ships, which included the Lusitania. The United States then threatened the German Government causing them to back down. Later in February of 1917, Germany then declared unrestricted submarine warfare threatening the ideals of neutrality, commerce and security. The German U-Boats wanted to sink supply ships in order to starve the Britain islands of their goods. The German's naval policy was the major reason why the United States declared war on Germany. The sinking of the Lusitania was the biggest influence of American in WWI. It was so much of an influence that it was said without the sinking of the Lusitania, the United States most likely would not of entered the war. From Germany sinking the Lusitania, American's grew hatred towards Germany, hence giving Wilson the motivation to declare war on Germany.
How is a submersible made heavier to allow it to descend?
Some kinds of submarines use ballast tanks, they are tanks on the subamarine which the submarine fills with water to make it sink or filled with air to make it rise.
When was the last ship destoyed by a submarine?
The last ship sunk by a submarine is the Argentinean Navy vessel ARA General Belgrano, a former WWII U.S. Navy Brooklyn-class light cruiser (USS Phoenix (CL-46)) sold to Argentina in 1951. She was sunk by 2 of a spread of 3 Mark 8 torpedoes from the British Royal Navy submarine HMS Conqueror (S48) during the Falklands Islands War on May 2, 1982, sinking the Belgrano in minutes and killing 323 sailors out of a crew of almost 1100.
HMS Conqueror also has the distinction of being the only nuclear submarine to have engaged and sunk an enemy target with torpedoes in armed conflict.
As a submarine moves more quickly through the water, the fluid friction will increase. The two (the magnitude of the speed and the magnitude of fluid friction) are directly proportional. That means what happens to one happens to the other. If one goes up, the other goes up. And if one goes down, the other goes down.
When was the fist submarine made?
The first Submarine was made by Cornelius Jacobszoon Drebbel, a Dutch Engineer in 1620. Otherwise, the first military submarine was made in 1775, designed by David Bushell.
How do you drownd a submarine full of blondes?
Tell them the "Ask them we have finished off with water to drink"
U = Unter (in German) = under
so is a boat that goes under (the water)
namely a submarine
What is a submarines periscope depth?
It depends on the submarine. If measure the distance from the top a fully extended periscope to the bottom of the boat you will get the "Depth of the Keel" at which the periscope is out of the water. Generally between 30 feet and 70 feet.
Does the human body have to decompress after surfacing in a submarine?
No - Submarine crews live and work within the inner pressure hull, which is pressurized. The outer hull/superstructure of most submarines are mad of flexible steel, which contracts and expands with the changing depths as the bot travels.
Decompression is only necessary for divers who have been exposed to sea pressure, which compresses the nitrogen in the bloodstream . Coming to shallower depths without decompressing properly (it depends on the depth and time at depth, as well as the gas being used for diving) can lead to the compressed nitrogen in the blood to be released too quickly, resulting in the Bends, a painful, crippling, and often deadly result of improper decompression.
The most common example of a gas being released in a liquid after being compressed into it are sodas - when you open the top of the can or bottle, the compressed CO2 is rapidly released as a gas back into the liquid.
How does a submarine change its weight?
Submarines can pump sea water into or out of ballast tanks, if they wish to change their weight (of course, anything that enters or leaves a submarine will also change its weight - people, supplies, weapons, etc. - but if you just want to change the weight, the easiest way is to pump water into the submarine).
Did a british submarine HMS Sidon sink in the pacific in ww2?
No; the only British submarine named HMS Sidon sank as a result of an accidental torpedo explosion in 1944, in Portland Harbour, England.
World war 2 hm shark submarine crew?
USS Shark (SS-174) a Porpoise class sub, was sunk by surface gunfire from destroyer IJN Yamakaze on 11 Feb 1942.
USS Shark (SS-314) a Balao class sub, was sunk by depth charges from destroyer IJN Harukaze on 24 Oct 1944.
What does zero bubble on a sub mean?
Zero-bubble is the submarine term for maintaining a Zero trim angle as it travels through ocean. The "bubble" itself is from a ship's Clinometer (inclination/declination meter), that shows the ship's trim angle. Though modern vessels primarily use electronics to measure trim angle, traditional Clinometers (essentially just an air bubble in a curved tube) are still used as backups for modern devices.
The trim angle on a submarine is the up angle (inclination), down angle (declination), or zero angle (no angle at all) that a boat maintains as it travels at a specific depth, or travels to and from different depths. Zero bubble means the boat is traveling through the water with no angle up or down, or completely level.
This does not mean it can't change depth without any angle - most boats frequently do change depth while maintaining a zero bubble by using their dive planes, while the trim planes maintain a steady trim.
One analogy that most people experience in flying is an aircraft's final approach to an airport; the aircraft descends from altitude while maintaining a seemingly level flight all the way down.
Why are submarines torpedo shaped and not cubes or spheres?
A couple of reasons.
A submarine isn't shaped like a cube because water flowing around a cube would make noise that could be heard on sonar. Submarine forces work very hard to make their submarines less audible.
It also isn't shaped like a cube because depending on the way the cube is oriented in the water, it would take more power to push the submarine through the water.
A combat submarine isn't shaped like a sphere because a sphere won't hold as much load as they would the shape they are made. They have made spherical-shaped submersibles for extremely deep-water exploration because a sphere is the most pressure-resistant shape.
Where do you get stationed in the navy for submarines?
The primary U.S. Submarine Bases are:
Groton, Connecticut (New London)
Norfolk, Virginia
King's Bay, Georgia
Mare Island, California (San Francisco)
San Diego, California
Bangor, Washington
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Groton, King's Bay and Bangor are Submarine bases only; King's Bay and Bangor are the Trident Submarine refit facilities. Groton is the traditional home of all Submariners, being just a stone's throw from General Dynamics' Electric Boat Division, where modern U.S. submarines began over a century ago.
The other bases are combined Naval Bases, meaning they have ships, submarines, and aircraft bases, as well as Command and Support facilities.
Best spots? Pearl, San Diego, or Groton. I was stationed out of Charleston, S.C., for 6 years, but NS Charleston is gone now. If I had a choice today, I'd probably pick either San Diego or Pearl - Groton sucks in the winter.
What distinguishes MHD submarines from ordinary ones?
MagnetoHydroDynamic propulsion (MHD) uses electromagnetism without moving parts to move water and propel the submarine forward. Though believed to be silent and stealthy (in large part due to the Clancy novel "Hunt for Red October", which featured an MHD Type drive) in reality the gases and electromagnetic signature would be detectable by a range of ASW sensors commonly in use. In other words, sounds great, but in practical application for blue water ops, it's not realistic. It could be good for coastal defense though.
Its primary disadvantage is speed - it's slow compared to boats of Diesel Electric or Nuclear propulsion with conventional screws. In any combat situation, speed is critical, especially when you've got a 55 knot torpedo aimed up your stern. Speed is one of the primary reasons that the U.S. and other major countries moved to Nuclear Power for their submarine fleets. Speed equals overall tactical advantage in any engagement, or when time is a factor in getting to a global hot spot. Only nations without real blue water navies, save for Russia, still operate DE boats. Most who use them are for coastal defense only, though modern technology gives them comparable speed to older nuclear submarines. However, top speed is still limited by battery consumption, and at some point they still need to recharge their batteries. Running a diesel is an instant target acquisition for any nuclear submarine Sonar gang on the ball.
What are the different types of submarines?
Modern submarines (true submarines, not Deep Submergence Vehicles, which rely on a support tender and run on batteries charged by the tender) are generally of two types, Nuclear and Diesel-Electric.
Nuclear Power is the preferred method of propulsion for most modern submarines, since their speed, range, and diving capability outweigh the advantages of a DE boat, which is quieter when running on battery with its electric motor. However, all DE's must eventually recharge their batteries with their diesel engines (even modern boats who can go weeks without a battery charge), and that key tactical limitation is what gives Nuclear boats the overall advantage.
When the debate concerning the conversion to Nuclear Power or staying with DE technology (the cost for NP is far greater, but so is the capability), a test was devised where one nuclear submarine was pitted against several DE submarines. The rest is history - each DE submarine was detected and "sunk" via simulated attack when it had to come to periscope depth and snorkel to recharge its batteries. Since that time, the U.S Navy now exclusively builds nuclear submarines, the last DE boat being retired almost 20 years ago.
SUBMARINE CLASSES
There are several classes that U.S. submarines fall into;
SSN - SSN's are Fast-Attack submarines, and are the hunter-killer descendants of the old WWI/WWII Fleet boats. Far more lethal, they can carry a range of weapons, from cruise missiles, torpedoes, mines, and special weapons. The only real threat to an SSN is another SSN.
SSBN - SSBN's are Ballistic Missile Submarines, and their primary mission is Nuclear Deterrence. Armed with several (U.S. boats can carry up to 24) ballistic missiles, each with several MIRV's, they provide a covert and mobile deterrent that still cannot be adequately prepared for.
SSGN - SSGN's are Guided, or Cruise Missile Submarines. Many SSBN's were converted to SSGN's after the Cold War and as a result of treaty requirements. They usually carry different configurations of Tomahawk Cruise Missiles.
What was the naval tactic used to reduce the sinking of ships by German submarines?
The primary tactic employed by the Allies in WWII to try and initially stem shipping losses to U-boats was the Convoy System. Ships in convoys were easier to screen and protect from attacks, and the chances of more material making it to its destination improved even if there were some losses.
Over the course of the war, the escorted convoy system, decoy ships (armed vessels disguised as merchants), recoverable ASW aircraft, and eventually long range bombers spelled the end of the successes the Germans enjoyed early in the war.
The capture of U-110 by the HMS Bulldog, resulting in one of the biggest Intel coups for the Allies when her Enigma code machine and books were recovered intact, also significantly aided the allied convoy system. Early in the war, the Allies could not break the Enigma code and it was a big factor in heavy shipping losses. Afterward, they were able to
read enough code to help convoys avoid known U-boat patrol locations. At the end of the war, combined efforts led to U-boat losses that were huge - a 75% casualty rate.
