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Submarines
Submarines are naval craft that can operate for an extended period of time underwater. They are used primarily as warships, as well as for business, scientific and other purposes. Submarines are different from submersibles, which only have limited underwater capability.
2,056 Questions
Why weren't submarines used extensively prior to World War 1?
The H L Hunley was used during the Civil War, and was credited with the first sinking by a submarine. Look it up on the web for more details. Here is one site: http://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2000/09/ I believe that submarines became more practical when the internal combustion engine was refined. This corresponds with WW1 in many respects. There are probably metallurgy issues with hull design, but I don't know enough to comment on that issue. The biggest issue for submarines is the lack of air. Not only is it vital for the crew of the submarine, all of the early means of mobility required air. The Hunley was 'man powered' and the crew had to breath. Steam and gas engines depend upon burning of fuel, which requires air. Most of the early submarines were diesel powered when they where on the surface, but required battery technology to run when underwater. The electric motors and batteries powerful enough to run them for any length of time were not available prior to the turn of the century. When the above problems were solved and reliable self-powered torpedoes were introduced, the submarine was added to the arsenal of the World's navies, but they were still held out of wartime participation because these navies were controlled by admirals who saw the sub as a dangerous and dirty way to fight, which it was, and a far cry from lines of battleships dueling each other gloriously as they had done in previous centuries. Only World War 1 broke this cycle. In the Russo-Japanese War of 1905-06, both sides operated submarines obtained from the USA, but they never saw any important action. The Spanish Navy had a few subs in 1898, whereas the US Navy had none at the time, but these were not properly used either.
What did soccer look like when it first started?
the first football looked quite like the footballs of today. although the first ball was made of a different material that is heavier than todays footballs it was nearly the same The footballs now are much better in being able to curl as seen in free-kicks
How did the submarine change society?
Early submarines had no effect on society whatsoever, as the first ones were built several hundred years ago. Even then, they weren't considered an honorable form of naval warfare, and the first submarine used in combat (Turtle, Revolutionary War) never amounted to much.
It wasn't until the Civil War and the sinking of the USS Housatonic in Charleston Harbor by the submarine H.L. Hunley that navies finally took notice. By the end of the century, the U.S. Navy had received its first modern submarine from pioneer John Phillip Holland, of Electric Boat fame. His designs were improved upon, but others followed in his footsteps with submarine technology. During WWI, the Germans proved to the world that the submarine was a viable military threat that had to be dealt with.
Arguably the biggest impact of the submarine on society outside the Housatonic was the sinking of the British passenger liner RMS Lusitania, which carried both British and American passengers. Many of the dead were children and luminaries of the day; the Lusitania's sinking is what brought submarine warfare to the forefront of society.
What was the first successful submarine during the civil war?
The H.L. Hunley was the first successful submarine attack in the US Civil War. Created to help the Southern cause, it was privately owned and built for the profits it could obtain for its owners for sinking Union vessels. It began in February of 1864 in the Charleston Harbor. The Hunley successfully sank the Union ship, Housatonic. The explosion however, damaged the Hunley and it sank with the eight man crew all lost.
How did the sinking of the Lusitania contributed the US entering world war 1?
It was used as propaganda.
The RMS Lusitania was torpedoed and sunk in 1915 with the loss of about 1,200 lives. Some of whom were US citizens. Approximately 124.
The US did not enter the war until two years later in 1917.
U.s. destroyer sunk by German submarines in 1941?
The USS Reuben James, an obsolete WWI flush deck destroyer (aka four piper) of the Clemson/Wickes class. The same class of vessels given to Britain under the Lend Lease Act.
How did the submarine change the Renaissance?
It wasn't invented until the 1860's so it didn't change the Renaissance since it didn't exist. Da Vinci did think of one to invent, but that is about as far as it got.
What is the name of the first submarine launched by the US navy?
The first submarine was called the Turtle or American Turtle. It was a one man submarine and powered like a bicycle. It was designed to attach explosive devices to the hulls of British ships. All such attempts failed.
French passenger ship that was torpedoed by a German submarine in March 1916?
R.M.S. Lusitania of the Cunard line. She was not a sister ship of the Titanic and the two ships were quite different mechanically the Lusitania was from-start Turbine driven, the Titanic was mixed reciprocating with a waste heat turbine for extra power. The Lusitania was older, having been built in l907. At the time the Cunard and White Star shipping companies were two separate firms- they later merged. Oh, yes the Lusitania incident occured in l9l5, not l9l7 ./ it did accelerate Us involvement in the War.
What is the purpose of blue lights used in a submarine?
Here's the short answer: to preserve the night-vision of the submarine's crew, while retaining adequate color and depth-perception abilities.
The long answer? Well, to understand that, let me take you back, just before World War I, when early submarines were starting to come into their own.
Back then, all military vessels--surface and submerged--relied on red-colored lighting for night operations. The theory, at the time, was that red-hued light only saturated the red photo-receptors of a person's eyes, thus leaving the green and blue receptors unaffected. Hence, all-important "night-vision" could be preserved better by stimulating only *one* of the three photo-receptors (humans can see red, green, and blue, and have receptors for each of these three "primary" colors). In addition, red had the advantage of a high-frequency wavelength (about 560-570 nm). When coupled with a low-powered intensity of illumination (through lower wattage, typically 4-6 W; what your standard incandescent "night-light" puts out), the light effectively "died-out"; it was hard to detect from long distances. Perfect for surface-going ships.
But, how did this make its way to the world of the submarine?
Remember, early submarines were really not much more than surface-going small frigates (some would say, using the British term, more like "corvettes") that *could* submerge under water. Back then, submarines did the majority of their fighting "above-the-beam"; from a surfaced position. That's why all those old WWI-WWII era subs have huge deck guns--you're not going to fire that thing from underwater!
Instead, the purpose of a submarine was to stealthily sneak up on an enemy contact, quickly surface, fire off it's deck guns, and submerge before it could be fired upon. (Although torpedoes could be used, they were--for the time--fraught with unreliability, were expensive, and required the boat to remain on-station until impact--due to their cable-operated guidance--thus rendering a submarine highly vulnerable to counter-attack.) Thus, the deck gun was the most favored means of primary attack.
Most submarine surface attacks were carried out at night (I don't care what's depicted in U-571, that was a completely different, highly-desperate situation). Thus, transitioning from the enclosed, controlled conditions inside the boat to the exposed, uncontrolled conditions *outside* the boat had to be done as quickly as possible. As the ship came to Battle Stations, and subsequently surfaced, the Chief of the Boat would "rig for red," dimming (or extinguishing) all work lights, and lighting the red lights, so as to prepare the men for going topside, into the night. Remember what I said, a few paragraphs ago? By saturating the men's eyes with red-colored light, their blue and green "night-vision" perception was thus unaffected, making "recovery time" once topside much quicker!
In fact, this tradition is still used by submariners, to this day. When a sub surfaces, the lights are switched to red (as accurately portrayed aboard the USS Dallas in The Hunt for Red October). As Cpt. Mancuso and his XO go up to the weather bridge, the lights switch to red--the holdover from the old submariner days!
So, what's with the funky bluish-green lights, you ask? It has to do with two developments, namely: better understanding of how the human eye works, and advancements in computer-display technologies.
First-off, the human eye. By the mid-60's, scientists had discovered that red-light saturation actually *decreased* night-vision, to some extent. It wasn't necessarily the hue of the light that affects night-vision (though that fact is still debated), but rather the intensity of illumination. See, red-hued light requires almost *twice* as much illumination to provide the same candle-power as lower-frequency (420-460 nm) blue-hued light. Thus, red-light is prone to induce more glare, and will negatively affect the cones (photo-receptors) of the eye. Blue-green light at a *lower* illumination is actually better, providing more color "information" per degree of illumination.
Which leads to the second development...
Red light kills depth and color perception. Sonar operators--who relied not only on their well-trained ears, but also their well-trained *eyes* to interpret the sonar plot)--were reporting trouble reading their spectral plots in the intense red light (coincidentally, most sonar plots are now green-and-blue, and sonar shacks are *always* rigged in blue lighting). The Navy conducted many studies and tests, and found out--sure enough--that blue light would actually be better for *modern* submariners. Since they hardly go topside, now, to fire their armaments, the whole "preserving night-vision" mechanism is unnecessary. Instead, accurate color and depth-perception, especially when translating instrument output, is paramount. Again, using The Hunt for Red October, as the Dallas goes to Battle Stations, the blue lamps are switched on!
Submarine warfare is a military tactic used by many nations where submarines are used to attack enemy ships or as a direct deterrent. This was used extensively by the Germans during World War II.
How many people were involved in the D-Day Landings?
WW2
83,115 troops british and commonwealth troops and 73,000 American troops.
the German numbers aren't known accurately as they were depleted at the time but they did have 59 divisions in France, Belgium and the Netherlands not at full strength.
The number of Allied combat casualties on D-Day is approximated at
10,000, of whom 2,500 died.
Here is the breakdown of the casualties:
British - 2700
Canadians - 946
Americans - 6603
15,000-20,000 French civilians died with an unknown number of casualties.
Britain: 2,700 killed
United States: 1,465 killed
Canada: 500 killed
Germany: 4,000 killed
Axis Casualties:
9,000
Allied Casualties:
Estimated at 10,000; exact figures not available
What is the name of the first submarine in World War 1?
Diesel-Electric submarines had been in use for years before WWI; there were many commissioned boats on both sides of the war before it even started, so there is no one particular submarine used in WWI.
However, the one boat that arguably had the most impact at the beginning of WWI was the German submarine U-20, which was responsible for sinking the British passenger liner RMS Lusitania. This single submarine attack had repercussions throughout the war, causing policy shifts in Germany considering submarine warfare, and which affected submarine warfare in general forever.
Dale Jr.
Pythagorean number symbology says the number 8 is the first cube, that is to say, squared in all senses, as a die, proceeding from its base two, an even number.
Numerologicly the number 8 is power, money, worldly involvement, practical, tough, cautious, tenacious, materialistic, hard working, curbed eccentricity, rebellious.
normal operating is between 100 and 200 ft. how far is classified information
How does a submarine dive and surface?
Massive ballast tanks can be filled with water or air, changing the weight and buoyancy of a sub.
Once dived a sub can use hydroplanes to angle it towards the surface and use propulsion to drive to the surface.
How many trident submarines does us navy have?
The US Navy currently has 14 active duty Trident (Ohio Class) Ballistic Missile Submarines. They are scheduled for replacement beginning in 2028.
How are modern submarines different from the early submarines?
Bigger, Deadlier, Faster, more Comfortable.
1. Bigger, Faster, Deadlier, more Comfortable.
What work does a crew member do on a submarine?
To cite just a few examples, a sonarman on watch will have the headset on to listen for other vessels, while the quartermaster will be hovering over a chart. Machinist mates and electricians might be in the engineering spaces making the vessel go, and this according to the orders of the officer of the watch.
AnswerWhatever His / Her Military Occupational Specialty is, plus whatever they are told to do by a Superior. Fire three...There are a number of different ratings for enlisted crew members on a submarine. Some are:• Electronics Technician (Submarines)
• Fire Control Technician (Submarines)
• Machinist's Mate (Submarines)
• Mess Management Specialist (Submarines)
• Missile Technician (Submarines)
• Storekeeper (Submarines)
• Sonar Technician (Submarines)
• Yeoman (Submarines)
Most crew members have a specialty, or rating, such as Missile Technician, and that defines his primary duties while aboard.
And again....
While everyone, including the officers, have primary jobs that they are assigned; they also will work other jobs as necessary to support the watch stations. The submarine works on a 24 hour day while the watch rotations work on an 18 hour day. 6 hours on watch, 6 hours off watch, and 6 hours down time. On watch you are assigned a watch you must do until properly relieved by the next watch rotation. On your off watch you must perform your usual duties assigned by your rate. A yeoman may stand planes and helms watch, or sonar watch, but then he still has to go do his yeoman office duties after watch before he can get some sleep in his down time. An ST, FT, ET, and other technical rates will conduct maintenance and repairs of ships equipment. MM's maintain valves, the Diesel, and other mechanical systems forward of the reactor, and the long list of nuclear rates will maintain the reactor and supporting equipment aft of the reactor space including making water for the crew. If a submariner is unqualified for any watches then he normally just cleans and cleans and cleans and cleans until he is qualified and therefore useful as a submariner. If a submariner is lucky, he gets to watch a little TV before he has to go to sleep. The down time is time used to get sleep, do laundry, shower, etc. The only rates that are not on a 18 hour schedule are the Ship's CO, XO, and cooks. They all work on a 12on/12off schedule. Of course the captain sleeps within feet of the control room and is never off duty. He just tries to get a few hours sleep at night when he can. Like most submariners, he gets little to no sleep.
Who invented the modern submarine?
The modern submarine was invented by John Phillip Holland. He callled it the Holland 1. He tested it in the passaic river in Paterson , New Jersey. Before inventing that he was a teacher in St. John Catholic school.
When was the Innespace Seabreacher made?
The Innespace Seabreacher watercraft (recreational and racing models available) was introduced to the consumer market by Innespace, Inc., in 2006. It isn't a submersible or submarine by any definition, however, as its positive buoyancy keeps it from diving from any extended length or depth. It's depth capability is barely deeper than its size - 5 feet. Since its engine needs air to run, it can't run submerged.
Follow the link below to Innespace Corporation's Seabreacher.
What are the names of the Virginia class submarines?
Note: Submarines without the designation "USS" are still in the construction phase and have not been commissioned as Navy vessels.
The commissioned, in-service submarines of the Virginia-class are:
USS Virginia (SSN-774)
USS Texas (SSN-775)
USS Hawaii (SSN-776)
USS North Carolina (SSN-777)
USS New Hampshire (SSN-778)
USS New Mexico (SSN-779)
The non-commissioned submarines of the Virginia-class are:
Missouri (SSN-780)
California (SSN-781)
Mississippi (SSN-782)
Minnesota (SSN-783)
North Dakota (SSN-784)
John Warner (SSN-785)
The class is currently budgeted for 18 boats in the class; submarine hulls 786 through 791 haven't been named yet.
