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Thunderstorms and Lightning

Also referred to as a lightning storm, a thunderstorm is a weather form wherein thunder and lightning are present. Thunderstorms, most especially if accompanied by heavy rains and downburst winds, pose hazards to people and the environment.

5,088 Questions

When do clouds form?

Actually,clouds form when water evaporates from rivers, ponds, oceans, and lakes. The air containing this evaporated water vapor rises and expands at higher altitudes here the air pressure is lower. The expanding air cools, and as this cooling occurs, the water vapor condenses (changes) from a vapor to a liquid. Many tiny water droplets form and a cloud is born. Conditions have to be just right for clouds to form. Nature needs tiny droplets of water, something for the droplets to cling to (particles like dust, salt, or smoke) and the right temperature. A variety of cloud types form depending upon their height, air movement, and the amount of water vapor and condensation particles. The basic cloud types include the following: * Stratus (spread out or layered). These clouds are low to the ground and layered. * Fog is very close to the ground. * Stratus clouds may predict rain. * Cirrus (curly, wispy). These clouds are the highest and are made of ice crystals. They may predict a change in weather like a coming storm. * Cumulus (heaped or piled up). Cumulus clouds are puffy with flat bottoms. * Cumulus clouds usually predict clear weather. There are many types of clouds in the sky. Did you know that some of them are man-made? "Contrails" are the long, thin clouds that are left by airplanes as they fly past. Contrails is short for "condensation trails." They are clouds that planes make. Contrails are man-made. They have a cousin that almost everyone has seen. Have you ever gone outside on a cold day? Have you seen a cloud come out of your mouth? That little cloud is made by water vapor that is usually invisible. In cold weather, the vapor condenses into a cloud you can see. Contrails are made the same way. A plane has an engine. The exhaust from the engine has water vapor. Temperatures are colder at higher altitudes. Water vapor condenses into ice crystals. This leaves the white lines you see behind planes. Sometimes, there is water in the air around the plane. This can make the contrail even bigger. If there is not a lot of water in the air, the contrails will not last long. When there is a lot of water in the air, the contrails will last longer. Ice from the plane will join water in the atmosphere. This will make a long contrail behind the airplane. It will stay in the sky long after the plane is gone. They can last for hours! They can even grow. They can get as big as football fields. They can spread until they turn into cirrus clouds. Contrails are made of water vapor. They do not hurt humans. NASA is trying to see if contrails may hurt the environment. Contrails are man-made clouds. They add to the Earth's cloud coverage. They might change temperatures and climates. We see a lot of contrails wherever there is heavy plane traffic. Air traffic keeps getting busier. Scientists are looking into what contrails might do. NASA might find that contrails hurt the environment. NASA wants to stop this from happening. One way would be to have planes fly away from problem areas. Another way is to make better engines. NASA is working with partners to make better jet engines. Someday, you might not even see contrails behind planes!

How do thunderstorms effect the environment?

Rain from thunderstorms is an important source of water for life in many areas. Many areas on Earth would be much drier without thunderstorms. Heavy thunderstorm rain can also cause floods, which can damage habitats and alter the courses of streams and rivers. Lightning can start fires which can be destructive, but also play an important role in some forests and grasslands.

How do thunderstorms form?

Answer:Thunderstorms are caused by humid air condensing out the moisture it holds and releasing the latent heat of condensation.

This kind of storm forms when warm air is forced up by a cold front. Large, dark, nimbus clouds (cumulonimbus clouds) form . Such clouds are also called thunderheads. These clouds produce heavy rains and sometimes hail. They also produce lightning and thunder.

How high is a bolt of lightning?

Davidmt1:Lightning is never the same height. This is because some clouds can be lower than others. Also there are two type of lighning. There is cloud to ground lightning and cloud to cloud lightning.

What is a Nor'easter?

A nor'easter (also known as a northeaster) is a macro-scale storm whose winds come from the northeast, especially in the coastal areas of the Northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada. More specifically, it describes a low pressure area whose center of rotation is just off the coast and whose leading winds in the left forward quadrant rotate onto land from the northeast. The precipitation pattern is similar to other extratropical storms. They also can cause coastal flooding, coastal erosion and gale force winds. Nor'easters are usually formed by an area of vorticity associated with an upper level disturbance or from a kink in a frontal surface that causes a surface low pressure area to develop. Such storms often move slowly in their latter, frequently intense, mature stage. Until the nor'easter passes, thick dark clouds often block out the sun. During a single storm, the precipitation can range from a torrential downpour to a fine mist. Low temperatures and wind gusts of up to 90 miles per hour are also associated with a nor'easter. On very rare occasions, such as the North American blizzard of 2006, and a nor'easter in 1979, the center of the storm can even take on the circular shape more typical of a hurricane and have a small eye. The northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada, particularly the New England coast and Nova Scotia see nor'easters each year, most often in the winter and early spring, but also sometimes during the autumn. These storms can leave inches of rain or several feet of snow on the region, and sometimes last for several days. The Atlantic coast, from northern Georgia northward up the coast, can suffer high winds, pounding surf and extreme rains during these storms. Nor'easters cause a significant amount of severe beach erosion in these areas, as well as flooding in the associated low-lying areas. Beach residents in these areas may actually fear the repeated depredations of Nor'easters over those of hurricanes, because they happen more frequently, and cause substantial damage to beachfront property and their dunes.

Is a lightning strike hotter than the surface of the sun?

Lightning strike Hotter than the Sun?

The temperature of the air around a bolt of lightning is about 54,000°F (30,000°C), which is six times hotter than the surface of the sun, yet many times people survive being struck by a bolt of lightning. One man, US park ranger Roy Sullivan, was hit by lightning seven times between 1942 and 1977.

The reason that heat is not always the major injury factor is that the air in the path of the bolt is ionized and expands rapidly, so that the thin gas does not contain as much heat energy as the temperature suggests. It is capable of causing localized second and third-degree burns, and burning off some lightweight clothing.

In cloud-to-ground lightning, its energy seeks the shortest route to Earth, which could be through a person's shoulder, down the side of the body, through the leg, and to the ground. As long as the lightning does not pass across the heart or spinal column, the victim may not die.
sun's temperature is enormous in the center compared with its surface.... lightening has temperature which lies in between the surface and center temperature of sun.......

How many volts are in a lightning bolt?

the most powerful lightning bolt contains about 950 billion volts but it wouldn't be anything natural it would be the bolt that haarp discharges from the ionosphere of the earth vaporizing anything and anyone that sees it, and also everything around it for thousands of miles.

What parts of the body are most vulnerable to lightning strikes?

Many victims of lightning strikes die from burns and heart failure, and non-fatal strikes have been known to cause moderate to severe damage to the central nervous system. Many victims with neural damage report severe and intractable pain and neuropathy for the rest of their lives.

If lightning strikes the ocean while you are in it how close does the strike have to be for you to feel it?

  • If you can hear thunder, the lightning strike has already occurred since thunder is only a sonic boom caused by lightning. In order for you to feel an electric shock an electric current must pass through your body. For a current to pass through your body, your body must complete the circuit from an electrostatically charged cloud to earth/ground (in this example the ocean is the electrical earth/ground). Salt water is a great conductor of electricity/lightning and thus would immediately discharge the lightning strike. Unless the strike actually hits you, you are not in the circuit and would therefore feel nothing from a strike into the ocean - no matter how close. Consider the case of a bird perched on a high voltage supply line (maybe 440,000 volts). The bird is charged with 440,000 volts of electricity alright, but there is no circuit to ground/earth/ocean, thus the bird is not electrocuted and feels nothing.
  • The sea is not like your bath tub, as the sea is much much larger than even a very big bath tub. After all, there is lightning hitting some part of the oceans some place, some where, every minute of every day, isn't there? If it were just like dropping a radio into a bath tub, then people playing in the ocean at Virginia Beach would be shocked to death whenever lightning struck the water off the coast of South Africa. But we know that doesn't happen. Water has resistance. Salt water has a lower resistance than drinking water, but it does have some resistance. That resistance is cumulative per unit of volume of water. As the distance grows from the strike point to the observer, the amount of energy observable is less.
  • Resistance is not the major determination whether the one feels it, it is dependant on the voltage and current in that strike (changed by how far electricity has to travel, humidity, size of clouds, etc.). To see why, look at how lightning works: friction, among other things, releases negative electrons in the sky. In a storm this charge of electrons that have no place to go become attracted to the positive charged earth and take that leap. They hit the water and spread. Everything that has room takes an electron (ionizes) and the charge dissipates. My speculation is that after 100 feet or so you probably wouldn't feel it too much. Is someone going to jump in the water during a storm? It isn't recommended.
  • Salt water is a much better conductor than fresh. Salt water contains positive and negative ions (Na+ and Cl-), which lower its resistance. Fresh water, which contains fewer ions to transport charge, will have a higher resistance. Thinking about it a little longer: V=IR, where V = voltage, I = current, and R = resistance. In the case of a lightning bolt, I would imagine you could consider it a two resistor system, the water between you and the strike being the first resistor, and you being the second. Voltage will be supplied by the lightning bolt. The voltage will drop after traveling through the water. If there is enough voltage to provide a large enough current through yourself then you will feel it.
  • What a person will feel (1ma), will kill them (10ma) is not directly based on distance from the strike, it is based on the voltage gradient (across the person), which is determined by the distance from the strike and the other paths that the charge can take to Earth. So, it is not linear or easily calculated because of the many different variables.
  • First, pure water is an insulator. Salt and impurities make it conduct. Second, you cannot separate voltage, current and resistance. They are related to each other. The voltage of the lightning strike, along with the resistance of the water determines the current allowed to flow. Current is limited by resistance. Current can be increased by increasing voltage or decreasing resistance. Therefore, the distance from the strike will increase resistance and therefore decrease current; voltage will drop as well (as in a voltage divider circuit). There are several laws that I can think of, (multiples of resistance, etc) that would probably help answer the question, but it's just not that simple. It's not even known why lightning "chooses" the path it takes in the first place. Bottom line, if you can see lightning, get out of the water.

Are there physical signs you might experience to warn that lightning might be about to strike?

Often you can feel the static building up or hear rock sizzling. RUN!

Physical signs that lightning might strike here are opinions and answers from FAQ Farmers:

  • As lightning results from discharge of a static electric charge, prior to a local discharge there is obviously a build up of static charge. I personally experienced the phenomenon of my hair standing on end while out surfing immediately prior to a lightning strike on an adjacent shoreline cliff top.
  • You will also smell a slightly acrid ozone odor due to the ionized air that precedes a strike.
  • You can monitor an AM radio frequency that is not in use. You will frequently hear lightning discharges as loud, fast cracks of static. However, if the static starts building up on your car, etc., you may hear the "zipper," where it sounds like something whining/zipping up. This is a common sound right before a lightning bolt strikes within a very close distance.

Who gave Riptide to Percy Jackson?

It was a gift from Poseidon. Poseidon gave it to Chiron to give to Percy once he came to Camp Half Blood.

Also, Zoe gave it to Percy in his dream in The Titan's Curse.

Actually, the dream was scene from the past of when Zoe went against her family to help a demigod (Hercules).

How many lightning strikes in India?

India experiences nearly 20 million lightning strikes per year, making it one of the most lightning-prone countries in the world. These strikes can cause significant damage and fatalities, especially during the monsoon season.

Can lightning stop a tornado?

No, lightning cannot stop a tornado. Lightning and tornadoes are independent weather phenomena. Lightning can occur during thunderstorms, which are often associated with tornadoes, but it does not have the ability to influence or stop a tornado.

What is the charge of the tree and ground before the clouds appear overhead?

i think the trees and the ground may have a neutral charge bfore clouds form then they become positively charged when negative charges form at the lower portion of the cloud.

Can lightning strike you in a swimming pool?

Insurance companies seem to think it's likely, but that's not saying a whole lot. I swim in an indoor pool that is in the LOWER level of an athletic center, and when the front desk hears thunder . . . out we go for 30 minutes! Stupid.

I have done extensive research on the web to find an answer to the question of getting hit by lightning while swimming. In more than 450 cases I have looked at I have found only two in which one person, who was among others swimming in the ocean, was struck by lightning, and the other was a scuba diver, and the lightning actually struck his tank while he was coming out of the water. The first guy was surfing, so you might even say he was not technically in the water, but on it (perhaps making him more of a target?).

I have also found that while people do not seem to be struck by lightning in the water, many, many are struck just after getting out of the water to take shelter. I've yet to find one in which people are struck by lightning in a swimming pool--recently or any time in the "ignorant" past when people "didn't know better" to get out of the water when thunder was heard.

The whole idea of a pool-full of people being killed or electrocuted from a single strike in the water is ridiculous. I know it sounds right, though, since water is a good conductor of electricity. I have even read some pretty stupid remarks by "experts" that claim when lightning hits the water it disperses throughout the entire body of water. But this is simply not true, and research shows it not to be the case (hey, where are the thousands of dead fish that should wash up on shore after a stormy afternoon at the beach?). No "expert" can actually tell the truth about this because it is "conventional knowledge" that you are not to be in the water when thunder is heard--and insurance companies wouldn't like it.

How about this one: I found one story in which a man was killed by a lightning strike while sitting in his boat (a common place for people to get struck) while his two friends, who were swimming next to the boat, looked on, completely unharmed!

Most people who are struck were hit while standing out in the open, wet with rain, not under cover. And what happens when you get out of a pool? Hmmm, suddenly you are a lightning target standing in the open!

I've found many stories of people getting struck on a clear day, in their homes, in cars, laying on the ground, under trees, standing next to swimming pools--in short, all the places you are advised to go to take shelter. And only two of people being struck in the water (ocean, to be specific). There are probably more out there, but good luck trying to find them.

Perhaps, if proper research was conducted, it might actually turn out that we should all be diving into water when we hear thunder!

When do hail storms mostly occur?

Hail occurs when thunderstorms get real cold, and then all that water in the clouds gets more colder. The more it gets colder, it freezes, then turns into hail. Sometimes, hail rain can be big as a golf ball or a handball!

What is cloud bursting and how it is caused?

What is Cloud bursting?

A cloudbursting is the severe type of rain accompanying thunder and hailing. Normally cloudburst doesn't prevail for longer hours but has capacity to cause flooding in a few minutes. Cloud bursting can dump thousand of tons of water on earth within a few minutes.

How Cloud-bursting is caused?

Cloud burst is caused when a very heavy cloud present at an altitude of approximately 15 Kilometers descends at once because of air pressure.

WHAT frequency sounds are detectable at longer ranges in seawater?

Low frequency sounds (20-1,000 Hz) can travel long distances in seawater due to their ability to penetrate further and experience less attenuation compared to higher frequency sounds. This makes them detectable over greater distances in the ocean.

What is the best course of action if you see a thunderstorm approaching?

When we are boats, we know that one of the possibilities that can arise is that a storm appears with strong winds that make our tranquility end. It does not mean that we could necessarily be in a dangerous situation, but rather that navigation could become a bit shaky, and anyone would be concerned about it.

The boats have state-of-the-art equipment with the technical capacity to spot these bad weather changes and anticipate maneuvers aimed at reducing the impact they may cause.

READ MORE:

boatsaction dot com

What type of faults don't cause tsunamis?

Normal faults, where the hanging wall drops down relative to the footwall, typically do not generate tsunamis. These faults are more common in areas of active stretching of the Earth's crust and are not usually associated with the sudden vertical displacement of large volumes of water required to trigger a tsunami.

What type of storm is usually found in a cold front?

Warm and cold fronts equal Rain, but in the cold-front case this could just as easily equal Snow.

What is the relation between frequency and distance of propagation?

Frequency and distance are directly proportional the higher the frequency the more distance for the sound to dissipate th lower the frequency th shorter the distance for the sound to dissipate