0
Vaccinations
A vaccine is the preparation of dead microorganisms, living weakened microorganisms or inactivated toxins. Its administration induces the development of immunity and protection against a pathogen or toxin and is called a vaccination.
1,376 Questions
Are there vaccines to prevent Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C?
There are two forms of hepatitis B: Acute (self-clearing) or chronic. According to Wikipedia, "Acute hepatitis B infection does not usually require treatment because most adults clear the infection spontaneously."
1% of acute cases may require early antiviral treatment, for example if there disease is particularly aggressive, or if the patient is immunocompromised.
There are currently no drugs which will clear a chronic hepatitis b infection, however drugs are available which slow the replication of the virus, hence reducing liver damage and improving quality of life. These are all "antiviral" drugs. These are frequently used in those with chronic hepatitis B.
Another issue is that, even when a person appears to be "cured" of hepatitis B, the disease can be "reactivated" and occur again in the same person. However this is mainly an issue for immunocompromised patients.
Hepatitis B is preventable by vaccination (usually a course of three injections, given over a year, but course length and timing of each dose is individualised according to the patients requirements).
As a general answer to your question, no, there is no "cure" for hepatitis B, however it is "treatable".
Please see related link for more in-depth information.
No, there is actually strong evidence against this idea. The MMR vaccine is not linked to autism.
Much of the original controversy was caused by a paper published by Andrew Wakefield (t the time he was a physician) in The Lancet - the prestigious British medical journal. After the publication of Wakefield's paper, other researchers were unable to reproduce Wakefield's findings or confirm his hypothesis of an association between the MMR vaccine and autism, or autism and gastrointestinal disease. After a British Journalist uncovered and published undisclosed financial conflict of interest information (Wakefield was getting money from people suing the vaccine company claiming the vaccine caused autism in their children), the British Governing Medical Council (GMC) - the governing body for physicians in Britain - opened an investigation against Wakefield and two former colleagues. Most of his co-authors withdrew their support for the study's interpretations
On 28 January 2010, a five-member statutory tribunal of the GMC found three dozen charges proved, including four counts of dishonesty and 12 counts involving the abuse of developmentally challenged children. The panel ruled that Wakefield had "failed in his duties as a responsible consultant", acted both against the interests of his patients, and "dishonestly and irresponsibly" in his published research.
Wakefield's study that was used to link MMR to autism was retracted by The Lancet and was subsequently labeled an "elaborate fraud" in an investigation published by the British medical journal BMJ. The investigation concluded the study's author, Dr. Andrew Wakefield, misrepresented or altered the medical histories of all 12 of the patients whose cases formed the basis of the 1998 study -- and that there was "no doubt" Wakefield was responsible.
Three months following The Lancet's retraction, Wakefield was struck off the UK medical register, with a statement identifying deliberate falsification in the research published in The Lancet and was barred from practicing medicine in the UK.
Wakefield's utter failure to conduct valid research does not disprove any possible links between vaccines and autism, but it is pretty obvious his "study" suggesting a possible link between the MMR vaccine and autism was worthless.
How do vaccines prevent the spread of some infections diseases?
Most vaccines give you a mild case of the disease they are attempting to prevent but in a 'dead' state that generally does not allow the illness to become serious. Your body is then able to produce an abundance of antibodies that will be able to fight off a 'live' version of the virus should you ever come into contact with one.
Nobody, yet. There is no known cure for influenze (the 'flu). There are vaccinations which can help to prevent one from getting the 'flu, but these are not cures. They work by giving the person a small dose of the virus thought most likely to strike an area, and this gets the person's immune system to make antibodies against that particular virus. If that particular virus is the one which strikes, then the person may not get the 'flu - not "will not", just "may not". If a different strain of the virus is what strikes then the vaccinated person may have no immunity.
Is shingles vaccine effective after shingles outbreak?
Can you take the shingles shot while having shingles
What are the pros and cons of getting the flu shot?
Pro:
- Over 36,000 people die from the seasonal flu each year in the US. Flu vaccinations help prevent more deaths.
- When you get vaccinated, you help prevent death in infants, elderly and the ill who can not get their own vaccinations, or who can not produce the needed immune response to have their own immunity. ALL infants under 6 months old could die if you get the flu and give it to them either directly or indirectly. They can not be vaccinated until 6 months old, so your immunity from the flu vaccine is mostly what they rely upon to protect them (by having one less person infected with influenza, rapidly making and spreading more viruses, and spreading influenza to many more people who will do the same, exposing more and more infants and others to potential harm and death).
- You have a significantly decreased chance of getting a flu virus that season and some protection in the future against the same or similar viruses so you will not be one of the 36,000 who die from the flu each year.
- Flu vaccines are made the same way as they have been for decades and the statistical analysis indicates it is far safer than not getting vaccinated. The incidence of problems from receiving vaccinations is extremely low, especially when you consider these are given every year in every nation across the world to millions upon millions of people and have, thus, been proven safe. They are proven well worth any minor risks. See the information below from VAERS (US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System) in the related links section.
- You can not get the flu from the vaccines.
- There are now alternative administration routes and many people no longer have to be vaccinated with a shot. See the related questions.
Con:
- Some people have stronger immune reactions to the vaccine (intended purpose, this is how immunity is produced) that will cause mild flu symptoms or local tenderness at the site of the injection that last a few days.
- Incorrect information is spread about the safety of the vaccines and people are afraid to get the vaccine which puts all infants under 6 months old at higher risk of death from a case of the flu.
- A very small number of people will have allergic reactions and some die. This is true for all medications on the market, none are without some risk. Even over-the-counter Tylenol and aspirin have as many or more risks and untoward effects when used as do flu vaccines.
- It used to be that anyone allergic to eggs could not be vaccinated due to the manufacturing process which uses eggs and chicken protein as the growth medium for the viruses to use in the vaccines. However, see the related question for new information about that.
- Fear of needles can prevent use of the injectable vaccines, but there are the nasal spray and intradermal formulations that can be used now. See more in related questions.
- Some people fear the traces of mercury and thimerosol in the vaccines, however, studies have not found any association with these, in the minute amounts contained in the vaccines, and significant side effects. The amount of mercury is about the same as a single meal of fish.
Does H1N1 vaccine cause infertility?
Vaccines affect different people in different ways.
That said, the H1N1/09 potential severity is an exaggeration, and there have been a large number of instances across Asia where the vaccination has been linked to a sudden onset of infertility or miscarriage in patients.
Research any vaccine that you feel you may want to take, and arm yourself with the facts, it might mean the difference between life and death.
NO.
This concern goes back to 2008 and before (before H1N1/09). It is mostly derived from information about infertility in mice, in some trials of influenza vaccines, that indicated the vaccine could be linked to problems with reproductive function...in mice. However, currently the links in humans appear to be only anecdotal and coincidental or extremely rare and not yet analyzed fully.
The data collected and reported by the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) about adverse events from H1N1/09 vaccines, does not include a concern about this for humans from use of the current flu vaccines. However, it is always evaluated and reports are encouraged for follow up study which is ongoing.
The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) does not list this as a reason to avoid vaccinations for the H1N1/09 influenza, and they are still strongly encouraging the use in both pregnant women and those who are desiring pregnancy because of the high risk of complications and death from the H1N1/09 flu in that population. The risk of having the flu with complications and/or death is still significantly greater than the risk of untoward effects of vaccinations in women.
Knowledge is always important in health care decisions. Read all you can find, ask your health care professionals and pharmacists often about things you read or hear. Stay alert to information from the right sources such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the proper sources of other information, such as the ACOG and other Boards of Medical Specialties. If you are not yourself a health care professional who can evaluate and interpret the medical specialty reports, and if you have a concern, go to the proper sources on the internet and ask your doctor.
Use discretion when it comes to believing what you hear and read. There is so much available on the internet, not all of which comes from valid and reliable sources, it is difficult to discern fact from fiction from fears. Ask your doctor if what you have read is valid. There is a lot of speculation, misinformation, and undue concern along with pertinent and factual information available at our fingertips today.
Although there may be anecdotal evidence to suggest this, and there is the study in mice, there are no analyzed reports of infertility in women as an adverse effect of the vaccine or a trend in the incoming data to VAERS that have been released by the VAERS reporting system for vaccine adverse events. No changes have been made in the recommendations for use of the flu vaccines.
Remember that these vaccines contain all the same ingredients and are made the exact same way as seasonal influenza vaccinations have been for decades of use (including Polysorbate 80, the ingredient that has been the focus of this concern). The only difference in ingredients is the type of flu virus each year included in the vaccines. This has not been a trend found over all these years of use, although for the sake of safety, it is always being monitored and evaluated.
See the related links below in the related links section for more information.
Who discovered the vaccine for it and when was it discovered?
Density. Its considered a physical property because of the amount of mass/volume. Its an intensive physical property because you can measure density of solution without changing its chemical identify, it observable. ... Because a material that expands takes up a larger volume and it density decreases.Dec 10, 2014
Do you need vaccines to go to Russia?
If you are going on a short trip to one of the large cities. Then it isn't a huge necessity.
However, for long periods of time, you will need them.
You will need:
Diphtheria1 dayTuberkulosis6 weeksHepatitis A (infectious hepatitis)1 weekHepatitis B3 - 4 weeksRabies4 weeksTetanus1 dayTyphoid1 weekTickborne encephalitis4 weeks
This is according to Traveldoctor.com
Do you use a tuberculin syringe to give flu shots?
No, a tuberculin syringe is intended for use in intradermal injections and the flu shot is given intramuscularly. The needle on a tuberculin syringe is not the right size.
What are the risk of taking medicine and being vaccinated?
In the vaccination the doctors put a weakened form of the sickness or whatever kind of shot your getting into you. Like, when you get a flu shot, The doctors are putting it in you. So your body can put up a defense so it can fight the actual non-weakened form of the sickness. So basically, the risk is you might get that sickness.
What happens if you get a vaccination twice?
Getting a vaccination twice sometimes happens when there is a doubt about whether or not a person has had the vaccination before. In these cases, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends a new vaccination, and says there is little to no effect from having a repeat vaccination.
Can chickenpox vaccine cause cold sores?
Chickenpox (and other infectious diseases) do notactually cause fever. The fever is caused by the person's own immune system trying to fight the virus (or bacteria). These infectious organisms usually reproduce fastest near normal body temperature; by raising the body temperature the immune system slows their reproduction, making it easier to eliminate them.
If the fever is mild it is best to leave it alone and let it do its job. Use of damp cloths on the forehead or sucking ice cubes to make the patient more comfortable should be all that is needed.
Only if the fever is causing extreme discomfort or gets to about 104F (life threatening range) should other measures be taken to reduce the fever, and the advice of a medical professional should always be sought in such cases before taking action. Remember that children with chickenpox should never take aspirin, as it could cause Reye's syndrome.
How many people died of polio in 1952?
At itâ??s time (prior to 1955), Polio was a major childhood disease and a major killer and crippler of young people. In 1950 alone ,3,145 deaths were reported with more than 57,628 cases reported. Although the virus had been extant for millennia, it only reached epidemic stages in the 20th century.
Which vaccine is given to a child after he is born?
Every vaccine your doctor recommends. If you're unsure of which vaccines to have administered to your child you ought to ask a doctor, not the internet.
As a side note, if you're worried that vaccines may lead to problems like autism then don't be; the Wakefield study that first started this spurious claim has (finally) been officially retracted by The Lancet.
Does a vaccine contain dead diseases?
Yes, the kind given by injection are considered "dead", because they are in an inactive state, they don't make you sick. Other vaccines can be made with live "attenuated" viruses, meaning they are active but only partially, since they have been treated to be too weak to cause disease in people who have otherwise healthy immune systems.
Why did they invent the polio vaccine?
Vaccines PREVENT you from catching a disease- MUCH better than curing you after you catch it! Within the past few years, vaccination has eradicated the disease of smallpox- it not longer exists, and people will not longer die from it.
Does the gardasil shot prevent genital warts?
Yes, but not all. Gadasil has antigens from 4 different HPV types. 2 of those are the common causes of genital warts. The other 2 are for cervical cancers. Unfortunately, if I remember correctly, there are over a 100 types of HPV. Many are harmless, but some do cause cervical cancer and genital warts. So, you still need to practice safe sex to protect yourself.
How do you make an injection hurt less?
Unfortunatley some injections do hurt but most of them don't. Sometimes people get themselves so worked up about injections when there is no need. All you have to do is the following
don't look at the needle
think of someting that makes you happy
stare at a spot on the wall
relax - it will be over in a couple of seconds and you will realise that you barely felt a thing
Can you get the flu vaccination after you have had the flu?
First, to be sure your question is fully answered and understood, the flu vaccinations are for prevention of infection with the exact type of flu that is contained in the vaccine, so if you have already been ill with the flu then there is no need to vaccinate to prevent that same flu, since your immune system will naturally develop immunity to future infections by that same virus from having had the flu without a vaccination.
But, since there are so many different types of flu viruses, and since usually no lab testing is done to determine or confirm the exact strain of virus that has made you ill, then you will still need to get the vaccination for the seasonal flu, which, in most locations of the world, will contain vaccine against the three most prevalent flu viruses circulating at that time. The vaccination will be still needed to protect you from any of those other flu viruses that you have not yet been exposed to.
So, to answer: Yes, you can get the flu vaccination after you have the flu unless you are not fully recovered and still have a fever. It will not hurt you to receive a vaccine for a virus that you have already been exposed to or that has already made you ill. Your immune system will just say, "Been there done that" and go to work on creating immunity to any other viruses in the vaccine that it has not seen before.
Why does a vaccination protect against infection?
A vaccin is a weakend version of the virus, so the human body can make itself resistant against it, without getting the symptoms of the illness/disease.
So your body will be resistant against virusses, as it "recognizes"(Because it made anti-virus against this typical kind of virus the first time) the virus, when it enters the body, it uses the anti-virus cells made earlier and then duplicates/copys them to kill the virus.
Why vaccines are not taken altogether?
Opponents of vaccinations believe that they (vaccines) have killed and harmed many people, or that they are some sort of government plot. Allergies, asthma, retardation, autism, Down Syndrome, etc. have been attributed to vaccines, although there is little to no scientific evidence for most of these claims. Often what they also fail to consider is that the diseases themselves can cause actual harm and death and, when vaccination rates fall, these communicable diseases reappear.
There has been much Propaganda in the popular press to this effect, resulting in a large decrease in vaccination rates in many countries, including England and Nigeria. In England (and parts of the US) there have been large outbreaks of previously controlled diseases such as measles and mumps, resulting in many deaths. In parts of Africa there has been a resurgence of polio, which had nearly been eradicated through vaccine use until the numbers of vaccinations became so reduced.
See the link below (Jenny McCarthy Body Count) to see how destructive the anti-vaccination movement has been.
How many people did the polio vaccine kill?
There are no exact figures, but, as the most common serious side effect is due to a allergic reaction to the vaccine, and that reaction occurs less than 1 time per million doses administered, the number of fatalities directly due to the vaccine itself is extremely small.
The OPV (activated polio virus) causes polio just over 2 in a million times. The IPV (inactivated polio virus) does not cause polio at all. IPV is now the standard vaccine given in countries where polio is no longer present - OPV is the standard where polio is still endemic (as it is a bit more effective than the IPV in promoting resistance).
Overall, in the 50+ year history of the various polio vaccines, I would estimate that the total number of deaths linked to the vaccine number in the low hundreds, almost all of them due to uncontrolled allergic reactions. Which is a very low risk, considering that upwards of 20 billion vaccines have been given.
What are some benefits of a vaccination that could desensitize an Rh plus situation?
- Decreased risk in pregnancies with different blood types.
- Decrease in Rhesus disease
- Allowing easier blood transfusions between Rh+ and Rh-.
What is the argument surrounding the Gardasil vaccine?
There are several different arguments surrounding theGardasil vaccines, many of them based on emotion rather than science.
First, Gardasil is the vaccine that is designed to protect women from 4 different types of HPV. There are over 100 different types, but there shots are supposed to protect you from the 4 most likely to cause cancer.
HPV is a sexually transmitted disease. So, many conservative ( and religious) groups believe that if your child is being abstinent till marriage then there is no need for this drug. However, non-abstinence shouldn't be punished with the death penalty (i.e. cervical cancer). And not all sex is consensual--should a girl who is raped be further punished by cervical cancer?
There are also a lot of "side effects" that are associated with any drug. No serious side effects have been shown to be caused Gardasil.
