Vaccinations

As often as is medically recommended based on your age, where you live, what you do, and where you go. Some vaccines are recommended for babies everywhere, others are boosters of those same vaccines later in life, some or are recommended for specific jobs (such as working in a hospital), and others if you travel to exotic countries. To know which vaccines you or your child should get you should consult a health care professional.

In theory the shot could prevent you from catching the flu. However, I know people who have had bad reactions to the shot and developed flu symptoms because of it- essentially negating the benefit of the shot.

The intramuscular vaccine for poliomyelitis is inactived meaning it is not live the oral vaccine, now no longer used, was live. Go to the CDC.gov website to learn more about vaccines

In case of tetanus vaccine, you culture the bacteria. Then isolate the bacteria and kill the same. Then you treat the same with phenol and / or aluminium hydroxide. The killed bacteria are oxydized with potassium dichromate. So you prepare the toxoid of the same. In case of rabies vaccine, you pass the virus repeatedly through the sheep or rabbit brain to prepare the fixed strain. Then from this fixed strain the scientist has prepared the vaccine, by attenuating the strain. So the viruses are cultured, usually on cell cultures and then attenuated to prepare the vaccines. Little is known about this to medical community. All the inventions are done by the scientists. They are the 'real' heroes and doctors get the credit for everything.

Yes, definitely. It is recommended for pregnant women.

In the US:

The following excerpts from a September 3, 2009 guidance document from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are about 2009 H1N1 Influenza Vaccine and Pregnant Women:
Influenza vaccines have not been shown to cause harm to a pregnant woman or her baby. The seasonal flu shot (injection) is proven as safe and already recommended for pregnant women. The 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine will be made using the same processes and facilities that are used to make seasonal influenza vaccines.

It is important for a pregnant woman to receive the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine as well as a seasonal influenza vaccine. A pregnant woman who gets any type of flu is at risk for serious complications and hospitalization. Pregnant women who are otherwise healthy have been severely impacted by the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus (formerly called "novel H1N1 flu" or "swine flu"). In comparison to the general population, a greater proportion of pregnant women infected with the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus have been hospitalized. In addition, severe illness and death has occurred in pregnant women. Six percent of confirmed fatal 2009 H1N1 flu cases thus far have been in pregnant women while only about 1% of the general population is pregnant. While hand washing, staying away from ill people, and other steps can help to protect pregnant women from influenza, vaccination is the single best way to protect against the flu.

There are two types of flu vaccine. Pregnant women should get the "flu shot"- an inactivated vaccine (containing fragments of killed influenza virus) that is given with a needle, usually in the arm. The flu shot is approved for use in pregnant women. The other type of flu vaccine - nasal-spray flu vaccine (sometimes called LAIV for "live attenuated influenza vaccine)-is not currently approved for use in pregnant women. This vaccine is made with live, weakened flu viruses that do not cause the flu). LAIV (FluMist®) is approved for use in healthy* people 2-49 years of age who are not pregnant. In addition to protecting her from infection, infants less than 6 months old will not be able to be vaccinated so it is recommended that everyone who lives with or provides care for infants less than 6 months of age receive both the seasonal influenza vaccine and 2009 H1N1 influenza monovalent vaccine to provide protection for the infant.

One recent study conducted in Bangladesh, assessed the effectiveness of influenza immunization for mothers and their young infants. Inactivated influenza vaccine reduced proven influenza illness by 63% in infants up to 6 months of age. This study confirmed that maternal influenza immunization is a strategy with substantial benefits for both mothers and infants. There is no evidence that thimerosal (used as a preservative in vaccine packaged in multi-dose vials) is harmful to a pregnant woman or a fetus. However, because some women are concerned about exposure to preservatives during pregnancy, manufacturers will produce preservative-free seasonal and 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccines in single dose syringes for pregnant women and small children. CDC recommends that pregnant women may receive influenza vaccine with or without thimerosal.

People for whom the 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine is recommended should receive it, even if they have had an influenza-like illness previously, unless they can be certain they had 2009 H1N1 influenza based on a laboratory test that can specifically detect 2009 H1N1 viruses. CDC recommends that persons who were tested for 2009 H1N1 influenza discuss this issue with a healthcare provider to see if the test they had was either an RT-PCR or a viral culture that showed 2009 H1N1 influenza. There is no harm in being vaccinated if you had 2009 H1N1 influenza in the past. Pregnant women are encouraged to get vaccinated against the seasonal strains of influenza in addition to the A-H1N1/09 vaccine. The two kinds of vaccine (seasonal flu and "Swine Flu") must both be taken for complete protection from both kinds of flu in the 2009-2010 flu season.

Always check with your obstetrician before taking any medications in pregnancy. Your doctor may also be planning on administering the vaccines to patients.

Note about H1N1 vaccines approved for use in the UK:

These vaccines are slightly different from the vaccines approved for use in the US for A-H1N1/09, but are still recommended by the NHS for pregnant women. The difference is mostly that they contain adjuvants in the UK. See the related question below about swine flu shot ingredients.

There is a possibility your symptoms have cleared up, but you are not entirely cured. The antibotics you have been prescribed may not be effective in your case.

Has you partner been tested? Get your partner tested. You may be getting reinfected because your partner has chlmydia as well. Your partner may be asymptomatic - has chlmydia but is not showing any symptoms.

Also, how do you know you're getting reinfected with chlamydia? If you get tested too soon after treatment, you may be getting a false positive result. If you believe you're reinfected based on symptoms, you may have a second undetected infection.

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by a particular type of bacteria called a spirochete. Leptospirosis can be transmitted by many animals such as rats, skunks, opossums, raccoons, foxes, and other vermin. It is transmitted though contact with infected soil or water. The soil or water is contaminated with the waste products of an infected animal. People contract the disease by either ingesting contaminated food or water or by broken skin and mucous membrane (eyes, nose, sinuses, mouth) contact with the contaminated water or soil.

Leptospirosis occurs worldwide, but it is most commonly acquired in the tropics. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states 100-200 cases of leptospirosis are reported each year in the United States, with about 50% of cases occurring in Hawaii.

How is leptospirosis treated?

The treatment of leptospirosis involves high doses of antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment (doxycycline, penicillin) is most effective when initiated early in the course of the illness. Severely ill patients may need hospitalization for IV fluid and antibiotic treatment. Severe liver and kidney manifestations of the infection may require intensive medical care and sometimes dialysis treatment. However, even in severe cases, liver and kidney function often does return after recovery from the illness.

Mortality rates for severe illness with leptospirosis can range from 5%-40%, depending on the severity of organ dysfunction and the patient's general health prior to infection. Most previously healthy patients will make a full recovery.

A vaccine for leptospirosis is available and used in Europe and Asia. It must be given every year like a flu shot. It is not currently available in the United States. Travelers who are going to an area where leptospirosis is common and who will be engaged in activities that increase likelihood of exposure, can take 200 mg of doxycyline per week by mouth starting before and during the time period of potential exposure.

Leptospirosis was a reportable disease in the United States, but it was removed from the national CDC list of reportable diseases. It is, however, still reportable in some states, most notably Hawaii.

It depends on the type of vaccine that gets introduced into the blood and circulatory system by the intravenous (IV) route. Vaccines are typically not intended for that method of administration. It could be a serious complication if the medicine has been given by an incorrect route. If you believe this has happened, you should contact a medical professional for advice in your specific circumstances without delay.

The flu vaccines are not intended for this method of delivery and you should seek urgent medical attention if that route was used for your influenza vaccine.

Because they are injecting you with a small dose of the disease. Just enough for your immune system to identify and build defenses against.

Diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus

The recommended vaccination schedule is set up to get children protected from diseases either most commonly contracted around a certain age or that are the most dangerous around a certain age. By vaccinating before they enter these danger-windows, children have significantly lower risks of getting ill.

No, it would not interfere in the development of immunity from the vaccination. Flu vaccinations are used to protect you from the flu which is caused by a virus. Antibiotics are used to kill bacteria that are already infecting you. Antibiotics do not do anything to viruses and a viral vaccination won't work for bacterial infections either. The germs are different and so the medications are too.

A vaccine to prevent ovine toxoplasma abortion is commercially available in the UK, Republic of Ireland and France (Toxovax, Intervet B. V.) (Buxton & Innes 1995). As it is a live tachyzoite vaccine it could not be used to prevent human disease caused by T. gondii.Control of feline toxoplasma infection by vaccination has been suggested but, for the reasons given above, is unlikely to be a practical proposition.

Edible vaccines could be produced more cheaply and in a more distributed fashion, rather than at a central factory. An oral vaccine is also cheaper, easier, and safer to administer than one that requires a needle.

Chickenpox vaccine is injected subcutaneously to reduce the risk in chickenpox in patients who don't have a history of chickenpox. It is routinely given in the US with the first dose at 12-15 months, and the second dose at 4-6 years, but may be given to older children and adults as well.

Hey, I'm doing about the MMR vaccine in science and what I've learnt is that some scientists believe that the vaccine can trigur/lead to autism. Therefore this is leading parents (paranoid/overprotective) to not give their kids the vaccine in one they ask for the singular jabs. and OBVIOUSLY a good point is that it protects you from MMR :D xx hope this helped xx

The test answers "listed below" are not given with this question as the question would indicate. But, without much more to go on, the answer would most likely be: vaccinations when children all across the world are considered.

A second good answer could be mosquito netting with built in mosquito repellents for children in Africa to prevent malaria. You can donate 3 of these through UNICEF for under $20. A good idea for Christmas gifts that can save lives. Malaria is the number one cause of illness and death in children in Africa with one child dying as a result every 30 seconds! See below for a link to UNICEF.

It is inactivated toxin vaccine (Diptheria, Tetnus) and killed bacteria (Pertrussi)

We create a drug which specifies to kill a certain part of the virus, however the virus changes its forms. So, the drug ends up killing the virus's competitors, which allows it to thrive more. This makes the drug useless.

Vaccines stimulates the immune system to make antibodies

For the best results, it is recommended that you not be ill when taking the flu shot. Take care of the cold, recover, and then get the shot. If you are noticeably ill, they may not give it to you.

Polio is probably the only one that is good for a life time. Most places say that it will last up yo 30 years. If you are traveling to places that still have disease problems, you should check if you need a booster.

That's like asking why there is no treatments for all diseases!! It's because we don't know everything!! There are plenty of microbes we don't know about. Even if we did, not all can be made into vaccines without years and lots of money of research. Most companies will not put in that kind of investment unless they can make the money back and then some. Welcome to capitalism in medicine.