Western Hemisphere

The rift between the Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Catholic) churches, known as the Great Schism of 1054, was primarily caused by theological, political, and cultural differences. Disputes over the authority of the Pope, the Filioque clause in the Nicene Creed, and differing liturgical practices contributed significantly to the divide. Additionally, the rise of nationalism and varying political allegiances, particularly the growing power of the Papacy in the West and the Byzantine Empire in the East, further exacerbated tensions. These factors culminated in mutual excommunications and a lasting separation between the two branches of Christianity.

Western materialism is a philosophical and cultural perspective that prioritizes the accumulation and consumption of material goods and wealth as a measure of success and happiness. It often emphasizes tangible possessions and physical comfort over spiritual or intellectual pursuits. This worldview can lead to an emphasis on individualism and consumerism, shaping societal values and behaviors in many Western societies. Critics argue that it can contribute to environmental degradation and a lack of deeper fulfillment.

The first great civilization in the western hemisphere is attributed to the Olmecs, who emerged around 1200 BCE in present-day Mexico. They are known for their impressive stone head sculptures and complex society, which laid the foundation for later Mesoamerican cultures like the Maya and Aztecs. The Olmecs developed early forms of writing and a calendar, influencing subsequent civilizations in the region.

The major empire that developed in the Western Hemisphere was the Aztec Empire, which thrived in present-day Mexico from the 14th to the 16th centuries. The Aztecs built a sophisticated society known for its impressive architecture, complex social structure, and vibrant culture. They established their capital, Tenochtitlan, on an island in Lake Texcoco, which became one of the largest cities in the world at that time. The empire ultimately fell to Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés in 1521.

The commercial bureau of the American republics is now known as the Organization of American States (OAS). Established in 1948, the OAS aims to promote democracy, human rights, security, and economic development among its member states in the Americas. It serves as a platform for diplomatic dialogue and cooperation across various issues affecting the region.

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, European colonies in the Western Hemisphere were experiencing significant upheaval due to a wave of independence movements. Inspired by Enlightenment ideals and the success of the American Revolution, colonies in regions such as Latin America began to seek autonomy from European powers like Spain and Portugal. This led to a series of revolutions, resulting in the establishment of independent nations across the continent. The decline of European colonial authority was marked by both political change and social unrest, fundamentally reshaping the geopolitical landscape of the region.

A Western omelette typically includes ingredients such as diced bell peppers, onions, and ham or bacon, all mixed into beaten eggs and cooked until set. Some variations may also include cheese, such as cheddar or Swiss. The omelette is often folded and served hot, making it a popular choice for breakfast or brunch. Its colorful filling gives it a distinctive appearance and a flavorful taste.

Athens, Greece, is located in the eastern hemisphere. It lies at approximately 37.98° N latitude and 23.73° E longitude. This positioning places it east of the Prime Meridian, which defines the boundary between the eastern and western hemispheres.

The two companies that were prominent in western land speculation during the 19th century were the Ohio Company and the Illinois Company. The Ohio Company was established in 1786 and focused on settling and developing land in the Northwest Territory, while the Illinois Company was formed in 1814 to promote settlement in Illinois. Both companies sought to profit from the sale and development of lands in the expanding United States.

Horses are native to the western hemisphere, specifically originating from the steppes of Central Asia. However, they have been domesticated and spread globally, including both the eastern and western hemispheres. Today, horses are found in various ecosystems around the world, making them a truly global species.

Western land policies in the United States often failed due to a combination of factors, including inadequate infrastructure, lack of access to markets, and conflicts with Indigenous populations. The policies typically emphasized individual land ownership, which did not align with the communal land practices of many Native American tribes. Additionally, the rapid expansion and settlement often outpaced the government's ability to provide necessary support and resources, leading to tensions and economic challenges for settlers. Overall, these policies frequently overlooked the complex realities of land use and ownership in the West.

The Eastern Hemisphere contributed various significant items to the Western Hemisphere, including domesticated animals such as horses, pigs, and cattle, which transformed agriculture and transportation. It also introduced staple crops like wheat, rice, and sugarcane, which became integral to diets in the Americas. Additionally, technologies such as metal tools and firearms were exchanged, greatly impacting indigenous cultures and societies.

The first human beings to arrive in the western hemisphere are believed to have been Paleo-Indians, who migrated from Asia to North America via the Bering Land Bridge around 15,000 to 20,000 years ago during the last Ice Age. This migration facilitated their spread across North and South America over thousands of years, leading to the establishment of diverse cultures and societies. Archaeological evidence supports their presence in various regions, including sites like Clovis in New Mexico.

The commercial bureau of the American republic is today known as the Organization of American States (OAS). Founded in 1948, the OAS aims to promote democracy, human rights, economic development, and regional security among its member states in the Americas. It serves as a platform for dialogue and cooperation among the nations of the Western Hemisphere.

A western newcomer is often referred to as a "settler" or "pioneer." These terms typically describe individuals or families who move into a previously uninhabited or sparsely populated area, particularly during the westward expansion in the United States. They played a significant role in developing new territories by establishing farms, towns, and communities.

When crossing the International Date Line from the western hemisphere to the eastern hemisphere, you go ahead by one day. This means that if it's Monday just before crossing, it will be Tuesday immediately after crossing. Conversely, when traveling the other way, from east to west, you would go back one day.

Mexico was the Western Hemisphere nation prompted by Germany to fight the United States in World War I. This occurred through the Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany proposed a military alliance with Mexico against the U.S., promising to support Mexico in reclaiming lost territories such as Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The revelation of this telegram helped galvanize U.S. public opinion in favor of entering the war. Ultimately, the U.S. declared war on Germany in April 1917.

The largest isthmus in the Western Hemisphere is the Isthmus of Panama. Stretching approximately 50 miles (80 kilometers) at its narrowest point, it connects North America and South America and separates the Pacific Ocean from the Caribbean Sea. The isthmus is also home to the Panama Canal, a vital waterway for international maritime trade. Its geographical significance has made it a crucial area for transportation and commerce.

People from the western United States are often referred to as "Westerners." This term typically encompasses individuals residing in states like California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Utah, and others in the western region. Additionally, specific regional identities may arise, such as "Californians" or "Oregonians," based on individual states.

European explorers were primarily motivated by the desire for new trade routes, especially to access valuable spices and resources in Asia. Additionally, the pursuit of land and wealth, driven by competition among European powers, spurred exploration. The spread of Christianity and the quest for new territories also played significant roles in motivating these expeditions. Ultimately, the promise of adventure and the potential for fame further fueled their ambitions.

By 1500, the population of the Western Hemisphere is estimated to be between 50 million and 100 million people. This diverse population included various indigenous cultures and civilizations, such as the Aztecs, Incas, and numerous tribes across North America. Population estimates vary widely due to the lack of written records and the impact of European contact shortly after this period.

In the 1490s, diverse peoples of the Western Hemisphere shared cultural similarities such as agricultural practices, with many societies relying on farming staple crops like maize, beans, and squash. They also exhibited spiritual beliefs centered around nature and ancestor veneration, often incorporating rituals and ceremonies into their daily lives. Additionally, social structures were commonly organized around kinship and community ties, fostering cooperation and collective identity. These similarities arose from the shared environmental contexts and the necessity of adapting to their surroundings for survival and social cohesion.

When President Theodore Roosevelt referred to "international police power" in the Western Hemisphere, he was emphasizing the United States' responsibility to intervene in Latin American countries to maintain stability and order. This concept, articulated in the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, suggested that the U.S. would act as a regional enforcer, stepping in to prevent European intervention and to manage conflicts that could disrupt peace. Essentially, it justified American intervention in the affairs of its neighbors to ensure a stable and orderly environment in the region.

The most western point of Victoria, Australia, is Cape Nelson, located near the town of Nelson. This picturesque cape is known for its rugged coastline and scenic views of the Southern Ocean. It is part of the Cape Nelson State Park, which features walking trails and opportunities for wildlife observation. The area is also significant for its lighthouse, built in 1884, which is still operational today.

The western hemisphere is commonly referred to as the "Western Hemisphere." It encompasses all the territories west of the Prime Meridian and east of the International Date Line. This region includes North and South America, as well as parts of the Arctic and Pacific Oceans. It is characterized by diverse cultures, languages, and geographical features.