Simple proteins are composed of only amino acids. These proteins are also called monomeric proteins because they consist of a single polypeptide chain. The sequence of amino acids determines the structure and function of the protein.
The solubility of proteins in water is determined by their structure and amino acid composition. Proteins with a high proportion of hydrophilic amino acids (such as charged and polar amino acids) tend to be water soluble. Conversely, proteins with a high proportion of hydrophobic amino acids (such as nonpolar amino acids) tend to be insoluble in water. Additionally, the presence of strong intra- or intermolecular forces (such as disulfide bonds) can also contribute to protein insolubility in water.
The two most important antimicrobial proteins are defensins and cathelicidins. Defensins are small cationic peptides that can bind to and disrupt the cell membranes of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Cathelicidins are also cationic peptides that can kill microbes by disrupting their cell membranes and by modulating the immune response.
The three types of fibrous proteins are collagen, keratin, and elastin. Collagen provides structure and strength to connective tissues such as tendons and skin. Keratin makes up the structure of hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin. Elastin allows tissues and organs to stretch and return to their original shape.
Proteins are produced according to the information encoded in our DNA. They have specific three-dimensional structures that enable them to interact with other molecules in a precise manner. Their functions are dictated by their structure, which allows them to recognize and bind to specific molecules, catalyze biochemical reactions, transmit signals within cells, or provide structural support, among other roles. In summary, proteins know what to do based on their intrinsic properties and the specific molecular interactions they can form.
Most enzymes are proteins, yes. However, the statement (used some number of years ago) that all enzymes are proteins is false. There are a few (but important) exceptions to that generalization.
The sequence of nucleotides in DNA molecule is equivalent and is closely related to an amino acid sequence in the protein molecule. If for any reason the sequence of DNA nucleotides changes it will be reflected in amino acid sequence in the protein. Moreover, the correct sequence of amino acid in the protein will form the correct three-dimensional structure, or tertiary structure, that will confer the biological activity to protein. If a wrong amino acid is translated from a mutated gene in the DNA could change the spatial structure of the protein and therefore modify or erase its biological function.
The carbohydrate contains solid elements called "Clint" and protein contains the pretty element called "Bailo".
Unlike the primary structure, the secondary structure is defined as the local conformation of the protein's backbone. Protein secondary structures are grouped in three major types: helices (being the most common the alpha helices), pleated sheets (also called beta structures), and turns.
The combination of these three kind of secondary structures give a wide variety of forms of the protein molecules. These combinations are named supersecondary structures or motifs and occur in many unrelated globular proteins. As examples of motifs found in protein structures are: a) the beta-alpha-beta motif, the most common supersecondary structure (consists in a right-handed cross-over connection between two consecutive parallel strands of a beta sheet by an alpha helix); b) the beta hairpin motif, that consists of an antiparallel beta sheet formed by sequential segments of polypeptide chain that are connected by relatively tight reverse turns; c) the alpha-alpha motif, two successive antiparallel alpha helices pack each other with their axes inclined (one common protein with this structure is the alpha keratin); and d) the beta barrels, that are extended beta sheets that often roll up.
Proteins contain hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen atoms.
The major and basic building blocks of proteins are the amino acids.
Hydrophobic interactions cause proteins to form into a three-dimensional shape.
Simple the answer is an Antibody!
DNA does not synthesize proteins. But they code for the message needed for the proteins. DNA transcribe mRNA first in the nucleus and send out to cytoplasm. The protein synthesis machinery in the cytoplasm (ribosome) will synthesize proteins according to the message in mRNA.
There are many similarities and differences between protein and DNA electrophoresis.
Similarities:
Microtubules and microfilaments are cellular cytoskeletal networks. Microtubules are tubular proteins made by tubulin polymers. they have role in cell structure, cell movement, mitosis, gene regulation and so on.
No. The protein assembly, or protein synthesis, is taking place in the cytosol, particularly in the ribosomes.
The most common bond in hydrogen is a compound one.
You may be looking for the term "histones," which are the protein component of chromatin (which comprises chromosomes).
Histones are proteins around which DNA winds, making it dense and compact; this results in the denser form of chromatin, known as "heterochromatin." Histones thus play a role in regulating the expression of genes (because they cannot be expressed whilst compacted). When histones are modified, they can change shape or charge and release the tightly-wound DNA so that the genes can be expressed; this looser form of chromatin is known as "euchromatin."
Together, heterochromatin and euchromatin make up chromosomes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone
The Golgi Apparatus modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins sent from the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Yes. The major proteins found in plasma are fibrinogen, the protein that helps the blood to clot, antibodies, and enzymes.
Protein folding determines the shape of the protein, and thus what it does, because it is the shape of the protein which enables it to perform its function. For example, enzymes need to have exactly the right shape to fit with the molecules they are working with to catalyze them. Also, hemoglobin is specifically folded with four pocket like areas to allow oxygen to attach to it. The shape of the protein is specific to the function that it is performing, and is different for each protein. If there is even a slight change in the make up of the protein, or a mutation (the amino acids are messed up) then the protein will fold differently. Even a slight change in the composition of the protein can disable the protein from properly performing the function which it is meant to do.