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Ribsomes are the organelle most directly responsible for protein synthesis.

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Of a class called chaperons. Two types. Small proteins that meet the polypeptide as it come out of the ribosome. These are called chaperons. A large barrel like structure, with lid, that corrects the tougher protein folding problems. These are called chaperonins.

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Yes

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electrophoresis

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In solution, NaCl can split into Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions are indeed needed to stabilise the hydrophilic residues of the protein molecule that are exposed on the surface.

So NaCl is a stabilising agent in various protocols even in the extraction, but it does not has any role in lysing the cells or neutralising other biomolecules.

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The building blocks of proteins are called amino acids.
The building blocks that make up proteins are amino acids.

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Structural proteins are fibrous proteins. The most familiar of the fibrous proteins are the keratins. This forms skin, fur, hair, nails, hooves, horns, beaks and feathers. Other structural proteins are the actin and myosin proteins of muscle tissue, tendons and ligaments.
Structural proteins are proteins that build up our tissues or body. actin, myosin, clotting factors are some of the structural proteins. They give up a shape and rigidity to our cells or tissues and ultimately to our body (muscle).

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Functional proteins carry out a function in the body unlike structual proteins which produce structures (eg bones and muscles). An example of a functional protein is antibodies as they carry out the function of fighting off bacteria and virus'. Another example is hemoglobin which transports oxygen around the body. 

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Proteins are made by protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. DNA is responsible for coding the information that will make proteins. DNA transcribe mRNA, transport it from nucleus. Ribosome and tRNA in cytosol synthesis proteins as per the message coded in the mRNA.

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Proteins are digested by proteasees (enzymes) in the digestive system. Trypsin, peps, chymotrypsis are the proteases of stomach that start digesting proteins in to peptides. Enteropeptidases further digest them to small peptides and finally amino acids.

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Proteins serve in two major roles. Some of them make up part of the structure of our bodies. Others are enzymes. An enzyme is a protein that works like a tool. It helps a particular chemical reaction take place.
Protein helps in building and repairing the body tissues. it also produces enzymes and hormones, helps in building up stamina.
They do most of the work in cells and provide structure, function, and regulation to the cell.

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Proteins are polymers!! Long chains of amino acids....

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In one method, transport proteins in the cell membrane "pick up" molecules outside the cell and carry them in, using energy. Transport proteins also carry molecules out of cells in a similar way.

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Temperature(typically at the extremes). and change in PH(also typically at the extremes.

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golgi

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Amino Acids

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The ribosomes do the actual translation of mRNA into proteins. These are either free ribosomes or those located on the RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum).
Ribosomes: Ribosomes are packets of RNA and protein that play a crucial role in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They are the site of protein synthesis. Each ribosome comprises two parts, a large subunit and a small subunit. Messenger RNA from the cell nucleus is moved systematically along the ribosome where transfer RNA adds individual amino acid molecules to the lengthening protein chain.
ribosomes in the cells make proteins
ribosomes in the cells make proteins
The organelle or bodies responsible for protein production is Ribosomes. They are also termed of protein factories. mRNA molecule that codes the sequence of protein will bind to ribosome for protein production.

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Wheat (Grape-Nuts cereal), dairy products, meat, poultry, nuts, and peanut butter. There is a website that shows the nutritional content of all types of food: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/
meats and beans
Meats, eggs, peanut butter, fish, beans, oatmeal

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Amino acids make up proteins. It happened in cytoplasm of the cell where mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA work together to synthesize proteins. The message for the proteins sequence is coded in DNA.

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Proteases is the general term for enzymes that act on proteins.

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Is an organic compound that contains both a basic amino group and a carboxyl group. The alpha amino acids, in which the amino group is attached to the alpha carbon, are the building blocks (or monomers) of peptides and proteins. The amimno acids are commonly classified either as: a) neutral, basic, or acidic, or as b) nonpolar, polar and uncharged, or polar and charged, according to their structures.

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Responding the original question: "What is responsible for protein synthesis?", we can consider 3 participants in what it's called "Translation process" or biosynthesis of peptides (proteins): 1) the mRNA molecule to be translated; 2) the tRNAs carrying an amino acid molecule to be added to the growing peptide molecule; and 3) the ribosome, the structure where the translation is taken place.