You don't have to place anything inside the turkey, but some cooks choose to put butter, salt, pepper, onion, garlic, etc. for seasoning.
It is important to cover stuffing (dressing) while cooking it. One of the important ingredients to a good stuffing is water, and therefore, it can dehydrate making for a dry stuffing. If cooking stuffing, whether in a container by itself or inside a turkey, cover with aluminum foil. Also, if cooking the stuffing inside the turkey, be sure to baste the stuffing exposed while basting the turkey.
Traditionally, turkeys are filled with stuffing. However, for food safety reasons, it is recommended that the stuffing and turkey are cooked separately. You can fill the turkey after it is totally cooked, if you wish to do so.
The food-safe internal temperature of any size whole turkey, is 1700F / 770C (without stuffing), and 1800F / 820C (with stuffing). Some health authorities also now recommend cooking the stuffing separately, for safety reasons, to a temperature of 1650F / 740C.
The FDA recommends cooking stuffing separately from the turkey because the interior of the body cavity doesn't reach a high enough temperature to kill bacteria, which may cause food poisoning when the stuffing is eaten. If you try to remedy the problem by cooking at a higher temperature, the meat becomes dry and overcooked. Therefore, the recommended solution is to cook the stuffing in a separate casserole dish.
This would depend on what kind of stuffing you are making, whether or not it is the instant stuffing (IE: Stovetop) or homemade. It also depends on whether or not you plan on making it separately, or stuffing the turkey with it. If you are using an instant stuffing, it is wise to make it last, as it only takes approximately 5 minutes to prepare. If you are making homemade stuffing, it is wise to prepare your bread crumbs in advance, so they have time to harden. If you are stuffing a turkey, prepare the stuffing mix prior to stuffing the turkey, then place it in the turkey's cavity. Please be advised that special precautions should be taken when doing this, as a turkey that has been stuffed, when improperly or incompletely cooked, can give additional rise to food borne illnesses.
Alcoholic stuffing
Yes - why would you put raw stuffing in a cooked turkey? :P
Stuffing out of the bird is better--it doesn't soak up the fat from the turkey as it is roasting. Also, if it is baked separately in a casserole you have a better chance of it being properly cooked through. If done in the turkey, there is the chance it will not be thoroughly cooked.
Actually, it is considered safer practice to cook the turkey and the stuffing completely seperately since the stuffing sometimes will not get hot enough inside the turkey to kill all bacteria, etc.
Most meats do have small traces of Salmonella and other bacteria or microbes present, which is normal. To kill these, it is not so much a matter of how long to cook the turkey, but how hot the meat must get. The food-safe internal temperature of any size whole turkey, is 1700F / 770C (without stuffing), and 1800F / 820C (with stuffing). Some health authorities also now recommend cooking the stuffing separately, for safety reasons, to a temperature of 1650F / 740C.If you are concerned that the bacteria load of your meat is so high that cooking it will not kill the bacteria, do not use it. When in doubt, throw it out.
Any contents in the bird cavity should reach the temperature that is recommended for the bird itself. I.e., if you are cooking a turkey with stuffing, both the turkey AND stuffing should reach 165 deg. F.
Most cooking authorities are hesitant to stuff a turkey. It can be hard to get the stuffing to a high enough temperature to kill off any bacteria that may have gotten into it. It is believed that many cases of food poisoning are caused by undercooked stuffing.