The birth of Abraham (1812 BCE), who founded what is now called Judaism. See also:More about AbrahamA more detailed timeline of Judaism
Judaism believes that God is eternal and therefore does not have an origin.
The difference between Judaism and Byzantine is whereas Judaism is a Christian sect, Byzantine is not.
No.
Aside from Israel, Judaism is mostly absent from the continent of Asia. Judaism is also mostly absent from the continent of Africa aside from small populations in Morocco, Ethiopia, Uganda, and South Africa.
Believing in one God.
Jerusalem was the city of prophets, of the holy Temple, and the dynasty of King David.For the importance of Jerusalem for Judaism, see: Jerusalem in Judaism
Jerusalem was the city of prophets, of the holy Temple, and the dynasty of King David.For the importance of Jerusalem for Judaism, see: Jerusalem in Judaism
All look to the Old Testament as the root of their beliefs
The answer that you're looking for is "Judaism," but it is not entirely correct. The Exodus from Egypt was of vast importance in Judaism but was just a prelude to God's Giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai.
Its importance is that it defines Judaism. Monotheism is the single most important part of Judaism and is stressed in many Torah-verses (such as Deuteronomy 6:4). the other side of the same coin is that idolatry is not just rejected, but is abhorred. This too is stressed again and again in the Torah.
Jerusalem. It was the city of prophets, of the holy Temple, and the dynasty of King David.For the importance of Jerusalem for Judaism, see: Jerusalem in Judaism
"Rabbi" means teacher in Hebrew. And since teachers hold great importance in Judaism, you can figure out the rest for yourself.
The belief in a single Deity is central to Judaism - and is one of the 13 principles of the Jewish Faith. Judaism believes that there is only One G-d and that He has no parts to him; He is indivisible. He has no partners and nobody is in charge of the universe besides for Him.
The Torah is crucial to ALL sects in Judaism. It is the 5 books of Moses and holds all of the laws that a Jewish person should follow.
Whether Jesus actually lived or died is of no importance to Judaism since Jesus himself is of no importance to Judaism. If Jesus lived, then he certainly was born, just like all other humans. However, all Jews reject the Christian claim that Jesus was conceived from a virgin. If Jesus lived, he was a human with two human parents.
There are no rooms in Judaism. Judaism is a religion, not a building.