you need manifold vacuum. Either on one of the intake runners or at the base of the carb.
If you're talking about the vacuum advance for the 216/235 distributor, then yes it has the vacuum advance, which runs off a carburetor connection close to the idle adjustment screw.
Those are thermoswitches. They open and close vacuum supply to the egr valve and the distributor advance.
engine loads
Could be vacuum module in distributor or other vacuum
Remove the distributor cap. Remove the hose to the vacuum advance. Remove the two screws holding the vacuum advance on. Install in reverse order.
pull the hose off the vacuum advance and some of them have a set screw inside the hole.
at the distributor. mechanical type
Detach the vacuum hose from the vacuum advance unit. Remove the distributor cap and unscrew the two mounting screws. Pull the rotor off the shaft and remove those two mounting screws as well. Unscrew the two advance unit mounting screws and remove the unit from the distributor.
It won't. That vacuum line tells the distributor When to advance the timing. There isn't enough vacuum loss to stall an engine.
If you have a manual transmission and a centrifugal advance distributor, you don't have any. If you have vacuum advance on your distributor, there's one vacuum hose running from the side of the carb to the distributor. If you have an automatic transmission, you've got a hose from the intake manifold to the control valve.
I really depends on what distributor you have on the engine. It could be a mechanical advance distributor or a vacuum advance distributor (stock). Google "the Somba" Volkswagen forum and all will be explained.
You are asking two separate questions. The transmission has a cable,mechanical, kickdown. The distributor does not have a vacuum advance.