In 1878 Bosnia-Herzegovina, which had previously been part of the Ottoman Empire, became an Austrian protectorate - not an integral part of Austria-Hungary. The area was inhabited by Muslims, (Othordox) Serbs and (Roman Catholic) Croats. It was a potentially explosive mixture - and was claimed by Serbia. Matters were further complicated by meaningless residual Ottoman rights. Austria saw Serbia as an irritant: it was strongly Pan-Slav and enjoyed support from Russia; worst of all, it became aggressive, expansionist and pretentious. However, from about 1893-1903 the King of Serbia to a large extent did as the Austrians told him. He and his consort were savagely murdered in 1903 by a small clique of army officers and the Black Hand gang. (The couple's hideously mutliated corpses were found in the palace grounds). From 1903 Serbia became increasingly assertive and there was no longer any question of the country doing Austria's bidding. In 1908, at the time of the Young Turk revolution in Constantinople, the Austrian government exploited the chaos in Turkey to annex B-H outright and make it a province. This indicated that Austria wanted to keep the area and not simply 'protect' it from Russia. It also mean that Austria was trying to prevent Serbia expanding and reaching the sea.
In 1878, Bosnia-Herzegovina, which had previously been part of the Ottoman Empire, became an Austrian protectorate - not an integral part of Austria-Hungary. The area was inhabited by Muslims, (Orthodox) Serbs and (Roman Catholic) Croats. It was a potentially explosive mixture - and was claimed by Serbia. Matters were further complicated by meaningless residual Ottoman rights. Austria saw Serbia as an irritant: it was strongly Pan-Slav and enjoyed support from Russia; worst of all, it became aggressive, expansionist and pretentious. However, from about 1893-1903 the King of Serbia to a large extent did as the Austrians told him. He and his consort were savagely murdered in 1903 by a small clique of army officers and the Black Hand gang. (The couple's hideously mutilated corpses were found in the palace grounds). From 1903 Serbia became increasingly assertive and there was no longer any question of the country doing Austria's bidding. In 1908, at the time of the Young Turk revolution in Constantinople, the Austrian government exploited the chaos in Turkey to annex B-H outright and make it a province. This indicated that Austria wanted to keep the area and not simply 'protect' it from Russia. It also mean that Austria was trying to prevent Serbia expanding and reaching the sea.
1) War was seen as inevitable at that point by many countries, not just Germany. There was a peacetime draft. Britain and Germany, for example, saw each other as natural enemies. Russia and Austrian relations deteriorated. Austria was tensely watching Serbia grow in power and was waiting for their chance to strike. 2) Germany hardly had other choices to not enter the conflict. After the breakdown of the Bismarckian system, Austria-Hungary was the only ally. Russia, France, and England became allies to oppose Germany's growing power. In the event of the assassination, Austria was determined to declare war on Serbia. With the mobilization of Russia to help Serbia, the possible consequence of Austria being defeated would cause Germany's power to decline. This idea certainly contributed to Germany's decision to offer its support to Austria and declare war accordingly. 3) Although Germany knew in that in supporting Austria they were risking a European war, they expected to win. The Schlieffen plan was aimed at primarily defeating France in just a few months. They believed that Britain would not be entering the war (it was dealing with industrial unrest, a possible civil war) and did not expect other non-European countries to enter as well.
It 'happened' for 5 years, but if you mean when did it start, I suppose it was officially a war (but not a world war, yet) when the following telegram was delivered to the Serbian government: Vienna, July 28, 1914 The Royal Serbian Government not having answered in a satisfactory manner the note of July 23, 1914, presented by the Austro-Hungarian Minister at Belgrade, the Imperial and Royal Government are themselves compelled to see to the safeguarding of their rights and interests, and, with this object, to have recourse to force of arms. Austria-Hungary consequently considers herself henceforward in state of war with Serbia. This telegraph was sent at 11:10 A.M. (GMT +1) from Austria on July 28, 1914, and received in Serbia at 12:30 P.M. (GMT +2).
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