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50 Hertz Industrial Electricity

All of Europe and most of mainland Asia and Africa use 50Hz frequency for their industrial electrical needs. Industrial motors operate better at this frequency, since the voltage drops could be easily maintained.

467 Questions

Diagram of star-delta connection of motor?

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Asked by Wiki User

Unfortunately, WikiAnswers does not support graphic images, so I will have to describe the connection in words.

There are three windings, each with two wires. That is six connections. There are four connections in a star (wye) source, three hots and a neutral.

The star connection has one end of all three windings connected (together) to neutral and the other ends connected to each hot.

The delta connection has each winding connected end-to-end to each other in a ring, and each common point is connected to a hot. Neutral is not used in delta.

What are the advantage of improving power factor on the part supply authority?

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Asked by Wiki User

Leading power factor has no advantage as the apparent power will be greater than true or active power...

So power factor should be as close to unity as possible...

Lagging p.f. causes high currents in line, whereas leading p.f. causes over-voltages.

What is cable size for 3 110kw 3 phase induction motor 100 meter run for cable 400v?

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Asked by Wiki User

first calculate the full load amps of the motor by using formula,

line amps = KW * 1000 / (line volts*1.732*P.F)

Of the mentioned motor the amps will be 96 amps at the P.F 0.8. The motor will have star delta starter so the cable size would be 2 runs of 3c x 70 sq mm AL if laid in air.

Functions of the basic components of PLC?

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Asked by Wiki User

Basic componets of a plc are: power supply, CPU(central prossesing unit), I/O CARDS ( INPUT/OUTPUT CARDS)

What is a type 1 circuit breaker?

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Asked by Wiki User

type 1 is auto reset

it cools off and turns back on

Type 2 is power off reset

turn power off it will reset

type 3 is manual reset

you must turn it off and back on

This is the safest.

The only one I would ever use.

Fuses are far better the contacts cant weld shut with extreme overload

you know something is wrong

so you can see if you mowed the cord with the lawnmower

tossed the blender in the sink

circuit breakers work when something goes badly wrong

type 1 and 2 decide that some magic fairey

has corrected the problem and its ok to apply full power again

Drawbacks of speed breaker generating electricity?

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Asked by Wiki User

Next time on the roads, don't scoff at the speed-breakers. They could actually light up small villages off the highway.

An amateur innovator in Guwahati has developed a simple contraption that can generate power when a vehicle passes over a speed breaker. Kanak Gogoi, a small time businessman, has developed a mechanism to generate power by converting the potential energy generated by a vehicle going up on a speed breaker into kinetic energy. The innovation has caught the eye of the Indian Institute of Technology (iit), Guwahati, which will fund a pilot project to generate electricity from speed-breakers.

The idea is basic physics. Gogoi has welded five-metre-long metal plates into the speed-breaker instead of the conventional bitumen-and-stone-chip rumble strip. The plates are movable and inclined with the help of a spring-loaded hydraulic system. The fulcrum-attached plates are pushed down when a vehicle moves over them and bounce back to original position as it passes.

"When the vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in potential energy, which is wasted in a conventional rumble strip," Gogoi says. "When the plates come down, they crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type mechanism. This in turn rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs. The output of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into electricity," he explains.

iit Guwahati has evaluated the machine and recommended it to the Assam ministry of power for large scale funding. A K Das, a professor at iit's design department says it is a 'very viable proposition' to harness thousands of mega watts of electricity untapped across the country every day.

"A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip produces approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one such speed-breaker on a busy highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt of electricity can be produced every single minute. The figure will be huge at the end of the day," he said.

The Assam power ministry is expected to back the iit pilot project.

Das says a storage module like an inverter will have to be fitted to each such rumble strip to store this electricity. The cost of electricity generation and storage per mega watt from speed-breakers will be nearly Rs 1 crore as opposed to about Rs 8 crore in thermal or hydro power stations

What is the current carrying capacity of 240 Sq mm?

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Asked by Wiki User

A 240 sq. mm. cable has a diameter of

d=square root of 4A/3.14

d= 2(square root of A/3.14)

= 2(square root of 240/3.14

=17.48 mm.

Therefore your cable has a capacity of only 515 amperes in free air. If installed in a duct with three conductors your conductor will have an ampacity of only 350 ampers.

Alternative Answer

The answer is not straightforward, because it depends upon various factors such as the material from which the conductor is manufactured (copper or aluminium), the type of insulation employed, and the configuration of the cable (how many conductors), installation method, etc.

An Appendix to BS 7671:2008 Requirements for Electrical Installations, lists cable types according to these various factors, and specifies their current ratings.

What is safety device of diesel generator?

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Asked by Wiki User

Actually safety devices of generator depends on the type of prime mover used in generator. The main safety devices in a DG Set is to control the over speed, to limit the fuel supply in case of emergency. It is regulated by the governor of the DG Sets. In external safety, over voltage & over current tripping relay i.e. associated with DG Sets control panel.

Why are the compensating winding used in dc motor?

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Asked by Wiki User

compensating winding is used for equal load sharing of two generators running in parallel. while interpole winding is used to minimise the effect of armature reaction by supporting the main field.

What is a sawtooth generator used for?

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Asked by Wiki User

It may be an attempt to apply a "catch all" phrase as an answer, but a sawtooth generator is used to supply sweep. And sweep is used widely in electronics applications. One application might be in the search for signals in a given frequency band using a spectrum analyzer. That band, that group of frequencies, would have to be "swept" by the receiver. It would have to tune in the different frequencies in order and on a continuous basis. By applying a sawtooth wave to a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) used as the local oscillator in a receiver, the frequency of the VCO could be swept up the spectrum from a starting point to an end point, and then it could be done all over again continuously. The correct sawtooth voltage to the VCO would enable the receiver to make pass after pass across the band under study, and the strength of a signal on a given frequency could be indexed and shown on a display.

Why do you measure 415v between phases?

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Asked by Wiki User

Answer for UK, Europe and countries running a 50 Hz supply service.

This measurement must be taken in a European country. The three phase system there uses 415 volts. On a three phase four wire wye system the voltage to neutral will be 415/1.73 = 240 volts. Voltages will be L1 - L2 = 415, L2 - L3 = 415, L3 - L1 = 415 volts, L1 - N = 240, L2 - N = 240 and L3 - N = 240 volts.

Another Answer

Your question should be asking, 'Why do you measure 415 V between lines?' The conductors that supply a three-phase load are called 'lines', not 'phases'. This is why voltages BETWEEN lines are called 'line voltages', whereas voltages ACROSS (i.e. not 'between') phases are called 'phase voltages'. It's very important to use the correct terminology or three-phase will get confusing!

The original answer explains this in terms of terminal markings, where 'L' represents a line conductor or terminal, and 'N' represents the neutral conductor or terminal, of a three-phase, four-wire, system.

But, to answer your question...

Before the requirements to harmonise nominal voltage levels throughout the EU (European Union), the standard three-phase nominal voltage values in the United Kingdom used to be 415 V (line voltages) and 240 V (phase voltages) respectively, with an allowable variation of +/-6%. Note that a line voltage is always 1.732 larger than a phase voltage.

To comply with EU harmonisation requirements, the UK has since changed its nominal voltages to 400 V (line voltages) and 230 V (phase voltage) respectively, with an allowable variation of +10%/-6%.

In practise, this has been a 'paper exercise' as no changes to the 'actual' voltages has ever taken place; it's only the 'nominal' (i.e. 'named' or 'stated' values) values that have changed -you will note that the allowable variation has changed to cater for this.

What is the maximum current carrying capacity of 16 sq mm copper wire?

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Asked by Wiki User

the current carrying capacity of 16sq.mm copper conductor is as below:

For Single phase A.C or D.C is - 76 amperes (VIR insulated) and that

For Three phase A.C or D.C is - 66 amperes. (rubber insulated)

What happens if load is greater than output power?

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Asked by Wiki User

For AC system speed of generator will be decreased and then frequency decrease, if there is no trip the motor load will be automaticaly reduced as Load Power = torque x speed and speed of motor vary acc to frequency. Finally the motor will be run at new lower speed that load = power generation. The other effect is voltage in the system will be decreased and result of lower load consumption

380v motor on 415v?

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Asked by Wiki User

Answer for European SystemsThe nominal line-to-line voltage used for single-phase supplies in Europe is 400 V. In the UK, this voltage is allowed to vary between -6% and +10%; in other words, it can vary between 376 V and 440 V. So it would be quite acceptable for a 380-V and a 415-V motor to operate on this system.

What is the cable size for 1.5KW 3 phase induction motor?

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Asked by Wiki User

Sir,

what is the cable size for 1.5kw 3phase induction motor 400v?

How many stop lights in Manhatten?

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Asked by Wiki User

In January 2006 there were 11,817 stop lights counted in New York.

How do you calculate kA for breaker?

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Asked by Wiki User

It has been some time but here goes.

The circuit breaker size can be found when some other information is given. For a given voltage value, the size of the cb is basically found using the formula

P(Kw) = IV here the value of I is approx the value of the circuit breaker. The solution is not so simple since there are normally tolerances set by the different regulator organisations as to these values.

Another situation to consider is the type of current and voltage you are using ie ac or dc, Vac or Vdc. also the amount of phases if it is ac voltages we are considering . If 3 phase ac voltage and current the formula used is as follows

P(kva) = 1.73 x IL x VL x pf where pf , the power factor is the introduced and kva the apparent power is used instead of kw here because under most conditions a power factor of 1 cannot be achieved. IL and VL are the line current and voltage.

Gladstone

How To Test An 230vac -230vac Isolation Transformer?

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Asked by SarangBhagwat

Make sure there is no voltage measured between line of secondary and neutral of primary. I.e. neutral of primary and secondary are not connected by any means.

The required no load voltage ratio in a single phase 50Hz core type transformer is 6000 250V. if the maximum value of the flux is to be about 0.06Wb. Find the number of turns in each winding?

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Asked by Wiki User

The law of induction says voltage = N d/dt (flux) which for a fixed single frequency AC becomes: voltage (rms) = 2 pi x freq x N x flux (rms), or

volts per turn = 2 pi x freq x flux.

Therefore with 50 Hz and 0.06 Webers of flux the volts per turn is 2 pi x 50 x 0.06 which is 18.85 volts per turn.

The HV winding need 318 turns while the LV winding needs 13 turns.

With a typical peak flux density of 0.7 Wb/m2 rms the cross section area of the iron core would be 0.086 sq. metres or just under 1 ft-square.

What is the conductor size and turns for 415V to230V step down 2 KVA transformer?

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Asked by Wiki User

This requires care because 415 v is usually a three-phase supply, while 230 v is usually single-phase. A 415 v three-phase has a line to neutral voltage of 240 v so a transformer might not be necessary.

The number of turns depend on the size of the magnetic core, a larger core requires fewer turns. but on the assumption of a 415/230 v single phase transformer, the currents in the primary and secondary would be 4.8 and 8.7 amps, and the wire sizes at 1000 amps/sq. inch would be 14 SWG enamelled for the primary and 12 SWG enamelled for the secondary (British wire sizes).

Further advice depends on whether an existing core is available and what size it is.

Another Answer

415/240 V was the standard nominal three-phase voltage used in the UK before the requirements of the European Union forced that standard to become 400/230 V. In fact, no actualchange took place, because the statutory allowable variation was changed from +/-6% to +6%/-10%, which meant that the UK was able to comply with the EU regulations, on paper, without making any physical changes whatsoever to the existing voltage levels!

So, I rather think the questioner is confusing three-phase and single-phase systems, when he or she thinks it's necessary to step 415 V down to the lower voltage when, in fact, both voltages are available from the secondary of a three-phase, star (wye) connected, system.

Any load will work perfectly well whether or not its nominal voltage is '240 V' or '230 V', because (taking the EU standard of 230 V) the nominal voltage is allowed to vary between 253 - 216 V. So a load with a rated nominal voltage of either 230 V or 240 V falls comfortably within these allowable limits.

Perhaps the questioner could get back to us and clarify his question?