How long do hospitals keep blood sample for?
depends on what is to be tested again and the method of preservation employed
What is the pH range of the blood?
It's slightly alkaline and on an average is measured as 7.3 but ranges from: 7.2-7.4
The normal pH of blood running through arteries (large elastic-walled blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body) is 7.4; the pH of blood in the veins (vessels that transports blood to the heart) is about 7.35.
The measure of acidity of a substance is known as pH. Pure water, which has pH of 7, is neutral. Substances with a pH less than 7 are considered acidic and substances with a pH of greater than 7 are considered basic or alkaline. The normal pH of blood running through arteries (large elastic-walled blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body) is 7.4; the pH of blood in the veins (vessels that transports blood to the heart) is about 7.35. Normal urine pH averages about 6.0. Saliva has a pH between 6.0 and 7.4.
Blood is between 7.36 and 7.41 pH, depending on whether it's arterial or venous. So it's fairly neutral.
arterial blood pH = 7.41 (outgoing from heart)
venous blood pH = 7.36 (returning to heart)
How do you know if you have a blood clot in your leg?
A blood clot can cause your leg to swell, become sore or painful (especially when walking), the skin can get red, and you might have a warm spot on it somewhere. Some blood clots can break off or move around, which can be very dangerous. If a blood clot reaches your lungs, your symptoms can be that of it being difficult to breathe, chest pain, a fever, cough (with or without blood in it), rapid heart beat, and you might faint easily or have fainted several times on a row or within a short amount of time from each one.
If you have any symptoms of blood clots, seek help as soon as possible!
What is the cause of constant fatigue?
Having had this condition for years, I can tell you that the possible causes are many, may require a myriad of tests to search for the answer, and in some cases like mine the answer is -- apparently -- never known. You should definitely report your concern and your symptoms to your doctor, and if you're in a good HMO like I am, they will gladly expend an astounding effort in the way of test resources etc. to find the answer. Don't put this off. It might be something very serious and wanting to be caught ASAP.
What is used to keep blood without letting it clot?
The intact endothelium of the blood vessel prevents blood fromclottingin the cardiovascular system. They block platelet adhesion and activation by production of nitric oxide and prostacyclin which are also potent vasodilators. The Anti coagulant effects of the endothelium are also mediated by thrombomodulin and membrane-bound heparin which in activates thrombin.
The endothelium also produces tissue plasminogen activator promoting fibrinolysis that removes fibrin deposits from the endothelial surface.
What is a high level of neutrophils?
In medical term a neutrophil count is considered abnormally high if it rises above 8000. A neutrophil count this high could is usually due to excessive stress to the body which may be due to exercise, seizures or nervousness. It could also be due to trauma to the body resulting in tissue damage or it could be due to a bacterial infection of some sort.
Do red blood cells provide immunity?
Yes. When your body is getting attacked by any sort of bacteria,virus, or disease. The body immediately thinks of it as a threat, so it sends the red and white blood cells to attack it. Sometimes the bacteria,virus, or disease defeets the cells. So it can be fatal. Especially when it comes to parasites.
Can a blood clot come out of your mouth after a nose bleed?
Recently, I had a clot in my mouth when I bit down on a breakfast bar and hit the upper front tooth with one of my lower teeth. The impact of the hit was severe and felt numb at first. The following day the pain started and swelling soon followed. I had to go to the dentist the following day to find out what the deal was. The dentist treated the area of the tooth for an infection and cleaned the gum line around the tooth after numbing the area. Apparently, I cracked the tooth and in the process, broke a blood vessel, which caused the swelling and discomfort. Thank goodness there was no infection, but to be on the safe side, I will continue the antibiotics. Since this occurred the roof of my mouth had a blister like swelling that was lanced to releive the pressure and build up of blood. Everything is fine and it reminded me how important it is to see my dentist on a regular schedule.
The blood clots are usually caused from a blunt trama to the teeth or gums. Possibly a reaction to metal, plastic, or a foreign body imbedded in the gums or tissue, but to be on the safe side, always consult your dentist and follow their instructions. It could be more serious than what happened to me.
What cell is capable of dividing and producing red blood cells?
Red blood cells are formed in the red bone marrow of bones. Stem cells in the red bone marrow called hemocytoblasts give rise to all of the formed elements in blood. If a hemocytoblast commits to becoming a cell called a proerythroblast, it will develop into a new red blood cell.
The formation of a red blood cell from hemocytoblast takes about 2 days. The body makes about two million red blood cells every second.
How do you increase your white blood count?
Low white blood cell counts can be caused by a variety of factors, so get it checked out by your doctor. If, for example, you are receiving chemotherapy, your doctor can use drugs such as Neulasta to increase WBC counts. Eat a lot of fruits and vegetables (however, if your white blood cell counts are lower than 1 k/ul, check with your doctor who may recommend avoiding raw foods). Get plenty of rest. Some extra vitamin C, zinc, and beta-carotene may be helpful, but don't overdo it with the supplements, as this may be dangerous. (i.e. too much Airborne could give you dangerous levels of vitamin A). If your white blood cell counts are low, avoid people who are sick, wash your hands often, use good hygiene, and call your doctor if you experience any signs of infection. BE HAPPY!! Your mood helps on how your body fights off infections, the happier you are the more likely you are to fight off infections, which increases your white blood count.
Why is it advantage that fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than maternal hemoglobin?
adult Hb ha 2-alpha+2delta structure while fetal has 2-alpha+2-gamma.
and this renders it more interactive towards oxygen, hence fetal hb has more affinity for oxygen as compared to adult hemoglobin.
Red blood cells, when mature, have no nucleus and can not reproduce.
What does it mean to have a high RBC level in blood work?
Usually means nothing if it is slightly elevated. If it is incredibly elevated (like hematocrit of 100) that could be a sign of polycythemia vera (a type of blood cancer). However, these people usually have other severe complaints like severe flushing, susceptibility to infection, change of skin tone to more reddish hue. other things that can cause increases in RBC could be dehydration and drugs. If you are severely dehydrated, you lose vascular fluid content and the blood can become thicker which would yield a high RBC count. drugs like EPO, which many cyclers and long distance athletes abuse, can also cause increase.
However, if your RBC is slightly above the reference range, then it is most likely nothing. Keep in mind reference ranges are just that: ranges for a population (ie 95% of population), so being slightly above or below can be normal, meaning you're in the upper 2.5% or lower 2.5%. Regardless, if you are concerned, you should discuss this with your doctor.
What is wrong if you have a low platelet count?
Thrombocytopenia, or thrombopenia, is defined as the abnormally low presence or absence of platelets in blood. Platelets are small cell fragments found in blood that are essential for hemostasis and formation of clots. A normal platelet count for an adult is 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microlitre of blood. However, there are always anomalies where people may have exceedingly high or low levels of platelets and still be perfectly healthy. However, when platelet counts drop to levels below 50,000 platelets per microlitre, a patient is generally defined as having clinic thrombocytopenia. Symptoms of thrombopenia include bruising that does not go away (purpura), small haemorrhages on skin and mucous membranes, blood filled bubbles in mouth, nosebleeds and bleeding gums. People may feel generally ill, with fatigue and weakness. Severe thrombopenia leads to spontaneous bruising on body.
These symptoms occur because platelets serve to clot broken blood vessels. Clotting is a mechanism where platelets are sent to a broken are of vein, artery, or capillary, where they congeal into a mass that staunches bleeding. When one does not have enough platelets, the body is unable to stop bleeding in an efficient manner.
Symptoms include bruising that does not go away (purpura), small hemhorrages on skin and mucous membranes, blood filled bubbles in mouth, nosebleeds and bleeding gums. People may feel ill, with fatigue and weakness. Clotting is a mechanism where platelets are sent to a broken are of vein, artery, or capillary, where they congeal into a mass that staunches bleeding. When one does not have enough platelets, the body is unable to stop bleeding in an efficient manner
What do lungs remove from the blood?
The oxygen cells
Actually the carbon dioxide is removed. Oxygen is taken in by the blood and circulated to the rest of the body.
What causes platelet to clump?
Positively charged Fats, proteins platelets and toxins in the blood get in between negatively charged red blood cells, causing the red blood cells to stick together.