Evolution

If it is a living organism it must reproduce itself sexually or asexually. Reproduction of the organism ( not viral hijacking of the reproductive mechanisms ) is one part of the definition of living things.

All four-limbed animals belong to the clade of Tetrapoda. The clade of Tetrapoda is defined as the first basal four-limbed animals and all their descendants, extant and extinct. The clade immediately superior (ancestral) to that is the clade of Teleostomi, which contains all jawed vertebrates, including the tetrapods, bony fish, and the extinct lineage of acanthodian fish.

Species survive, evolve, and create speciation by finding a niche. This means that they find an area where they are able to benefit from food, shelter, and protection from predators.

Since the wings of insects and birds have different structures (or different designs) but perform similar functions, they are analogous organs. Now, since the analogous organs have different basic design, so they do not indicate a common ancestor for the organism. The analogous organs provide evidence for the evolution in another way.

The presence of analogous organs indicates that even the organisms having organs with different structures can adapt to perform similar functions for their survival under hostile environmental conditions. Thus, the presence of analogous organs in different animals provide evidence for evolution by telling us that though they are not derived from common ancestors, they can still evolve to perform similar functions to survive, flourish and keep on evolving in the prevailing environment. The analogous organs actually provide a mechanism for evolution.

The relatedness of species allows us to observe different types of organism with the expectation that there'll be homologous structures and behaviour in our own species. That way we can form predictions about behaviour on the level of human genetics, and human cell chemistry.

Evolution is not a cause of genetic change: it is the effect of genetic change.

bye

Charles Darwin

Evolution. Interesting way to put, evolution is the change in allele frequency over time in a population of organisms.

Evidence supports a model in which periods of relative stability are punctuated by short periods of rapid (relatively speaking) change. It could, theoretically, be possible for evolution to proceed in a gradual manner. However, mathematical modelling and fossil evidence show that punctuated equilibrium is the norm.

1. Individuals take revenge for wrongs done to them.

2. Awards of money or goods are substituted for revenge.

3. Court systems are formed.

4. A central authority figure intervenes to prevent and punish wrongs.

You may mean post zygotic isolation/barrier to interbreeding between species. Sterile hybrids, such as mules are a good example of this. The zygote can form from the union of two gametes, but the mature organisms can no longer produce progeny usually due to chromosome mismatch.

He has been called the " Charles Darwin " of the 20th century, but his greatest interest was in abiogenesis and that rather from a dialectal materialistic perspective.

Mutations.

They, when beneficial, provide variations of organisms genomes for natural selection. Beneficial mutations may confer a slight reproductive advantage to the organism so that genes " promoted " into the next generation change the allele frequency of the population causing evolution.

The next stage of human evolution is called homo sapiens sapiens.

More accurately, evolution has no "stages". Species names are merely labels attached to a particular morphotype - and since morphologies are continuously changing, must be considered arbitrary. Although the force of natural selection is greatly reduced in the human species, we are still evolving. However, predicting what direction our evolution will take requires the consideration of so many factors that it can't really be done.

The Major Transitions in Evolution was created in 1995.

Evolution is always happening. Species are constantly changing to adapt to their surroundings. If evolution wasn't always happening, many different species would have died.

The population is evolving.

According to the theories of Charles Darwin complex forms of life evolved over long periods of time from simpler forms.

different mating patterns

No. Evolution can be observed in both nature and laboratory settings, the main problem is that it's difficult to view in humans because humans live a long time and also cover the entire planet. Since humans live so long and are everywhere, most of the mechanisms behind evolution take a very long time to have any effect.

Looking at species that don't live so long or that can possibly migrate/move, evolution is easily observed. Take ring species, a population starts at one end of a "ring" shaped land mass, the population then splits, one half moves around the ring one way while the other half moves around the ring another way. This population which was the same species with the same traits becomes very different by the time they reach the other side of the ring.

all the answers are correct

Right: adaptions to environment

wrong: acquired traits are passed on

Random fertilization. All the eggs and sperm produced are variations due to crossing over alone, not even considering other processes. The meet and fertilization occurs randomly insuring a good mix of genetic variation. Thus, genetic diversity.