Evolution

FALSE apex

Possible nothing. Natural selection produces combinatorial genes that work in amazing ways incrementally. The vertebrate eye, for instance. Naturally, those organisms that do not reproduce successfully are ' edited ', but selection works on the molecular level to make organisms not only fit, but fit enough.

To pit it in a more accurate form; the theory of evolution by natural selection. Not a belief, a theory in the scientific sense.

Upbringing, if parental care is meant, influences personality little, but other things, like overall happiness, are important products of parental care.

The environment, especially the unique environment, is as important as the genes in all human traits. It is not a dichotomy and it is nature via nurture. What we measure is the squared variance from the mean, the differences in influence. We do not measure and can not measure the positive weight of either genes or environment influencing people.

Charles Robert Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace discovered the process of evolution called natural selection by Darwin.

Science has no capacity to completely prove something... However these are some facts that make it likely to be true.

- An extensive fossil record which completely conforms to predictions.

- Observing evolution in action (such as the flu virus changing ever year, the HIV virus changing all the time, speciation in plants and animals in non-lab environments, lab experiments etc).

- Paternity testing (the techniques used in paternity testing are also used to demonstrate how closely related different species are).

- DNA (all organisms use the exact same code for proteins)

- similarities in phylogeny (why do we share so many features with other organisms?)

- similarities in DNA conform to the predictions made by evolution

The discipline of biogeography.

False

In themselves, they are not. But placed in the larger context of the animal kingdom, it becomes immediately apparent that they adhere to the nested hierarchies of biology on all levels, and that the phylogenetic trees in which they are found are strongly convergent independent of the trait assayed.

Darwin read the book Lamarck wrote and said that he did not get one idea from it as it was ludicrous in content. So, Lamarck would be the one scientist that did not influence Darwin according to Darwin.

1. Almshouse as primarily institutions of social welfare

2. Community owned private hospitals as charitable institutions supported by affluent donors.

3. Institution of medical practice and training serving the needs of all members of society and able to make a profit

4. Emergence of a relatively small number of physicians owned proprietary hospitals.

5. University based centers of medical research

6. Emergence of medical systems providing a large array of health services.

The evolution of man is considered a complex process because it takes thousands of years for even a small change to occur. It is a result of genetics and physiological changes which take many generations to take hold.

If it is a living organism it must reproduce itself sexually or asexually. Reproduction of the organism ( not viral hijacking of the reproductive mechanisms ) is one part of the definition of living things.

The main principles of the contingency theory is that no organization, regardless of how big or organized it is, can come up with a proper predictor of what might happen in the future accurately which is why contingencies should always be put in place in case of catastrophic events.

First, it should be noted that the development of gender (sexual dimorphism) is a subject separate from that of the evolution of sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction had already existed for a long time when the first sexually dimorphic species evolved. Sexual dimorphism, gender, is the situation wherein there exist distinct roles in the reproductive cycle, and morphologies associated with each role have diverged. One way that sexual dimorphism could have evolved is through the difference in size an number between male and female gametes. Males are typically able to produce gametes in prodigious numbers, while females usually produce far fewer and larger gametes. This makes males more redundant, in some cases leading to male competition over females, while females may have the "luxury" of "picking and choosing" from the redundantly available males. A difference in gender roles and associated morphology may follow from this.

This is one way for gender and sexual dimorphism to evolve, but not the only way.

We can not answer this without "which" and "the other three".

Divergent Evolution.

Definition of Diverge: to deviate from a set course or standard.

soource: google definitions

The decrease in competition between species can lead to the sudden appearance of many new species because by the time there is a decrease between species more species are developing and that is causing more species to appear so suddenly.

The Scopes trial was about a teacher seeking to bring issues surrounding the teaching of evolution to the attention of a wider audience. Although he succeeded in this, he lost the trial itself and was fined $100.

The law challenged by Scopes was the Butler Act, explicitly prohibiting the teaching of science thought to conflict with scripture - ie. evolution. This law was instated by Tennessee governor Austin Peay, for the usual reasons. It wasn't until 1967 that this particular law was successfully challenged and subsequently repealed.

All four-limbed animals belong to the clade of Tetrapoda. The clade of Tetrapoda is defined as the first basal four-limbed animals and all their descendants, extant and extinct. The clade immediately superior (ancestral) to that is the clade of Teleostomi, which contains all jawed vertebrates, including the tetrapods, bony fish, and the extinct lineage of acanthodian fish.

Species survive, evolve, and create speciation by finding a niche. This means that they find an area where they are able to benefit from food, shelter, and protection from predators.

Since the wings of insects and birds have different structures (or different designs) but perform similar functions, they are analogous organs. Now, since the analogous organs have different basic design, so they do not indicate a common ancestor for the organism. The analogous organs provide evidence for the evolution in another way.

The presence of analogous organs indicates that even the organisms having organs with different structures can adapt to perform similar functions for their survival under hostile environmental conditions. Thus, the presence of analogous organs in different animals provide evidence for evolution by telling us that though they are not derived from common ancestors, they can still evolve to perform similar functions to survive, flourish and keep on evolving in the prevailing environment. The analogous organs actually provide a mechanism for evolution.

The relatedness of species allows us to observe different types of organism with the expectation that there'll be homologous structures and behaviour in our own species. That way we can form predictions about behaviour on the level of human genetics, and human cell chemistry.

Other scientists like Lamark Baptist Wallace helped by going out and exploring with him and publishing his articles.

Charles Robert Darwin, of course!