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Topology

While geometry is primarily concerned with the mathematical properties of spatial objects, topology is concerned with the mathematical properties of those objects under continuous deformations. Please post all questions about topological subjects like homeomorphisms, manifolds, convergence, and connectedness, as well as their broad applications in computing, physics, and graph theory, into this category.

1,087 Questions

Which network topology has devices that share a single communication line?

Ah, a single communication line brings us to the lovely bus network topology. In this setup, devices are connected along a central cable where they can share information with each other. Just like happy little trees sharing sunlight in a beautiful forest, these devices work together harmoniously on the same line.

Ring topology is active or passive?

Oh, dude, ring topology is technically passive because the data travels in one direction around the network, relying on each device to pass it along like a hot potato. So, it's like a chill relay race where everyone just hands off the baton without adding any extra energy. So, yeah, it's passive, but don't worry, it's not like the network is taking a nap or anything.

Which layer of osi reference model deals with network topology?

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How do you define the least upper bound of a subset?

Let (B, ≤) be a partially ordered set and let CB. An upper bound for C is an element b Є Bsuch that cb for each c Є C. If m is an upper bound for C, and if m ≤ b for each upper bound b of C, then m is a least upper bound of C. C can only have one least upper bound, and it may not have any at all (depending on B). The least upper bound of a set C is often written as lub C.

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When is a metric on a set complete?

A metric on a set is complete if every Cauchy sequence in the corresponding metric space they form converges to a point of the set in question. The metric space itself is called a complete metric space.

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What does eer mesh in text?

Used in texts, "eer" means ever erring which implies ever making mistakes.

What is the extent of your universe?

My universe is believed to have a radius of approx 47 billion light years. How big is yours?

How many straw nets can be made for a tetrahedron?

A tetrahedron has two nets, corresponding to "upwards" and "downwards" folds; i.e. you can fold a piece of paper into a polyhedron by bending all the edges in two different directions.

How can two nines and two aces give us 10 by using any combination of addition subtraction division or multiplication?

Given these kind of questions, there are often several answers, if we are allowed to freely use the four normal ways of calulating. We will focus on one answer here, however.

We have four cars; two nines and two aces. Remember that the ace card is allowed two values: 1 and 14.

We don't need to complicate matters further, though. We can give one possible answer by simply adding the two aces with the highest value (14) and subtract the two 9's:

(14 + 14)-( 9 + 9) = 10

Written out: 28 - 18 = 10

Why does multiplication by 2 define a bijection from R to R R meaning set of Real numbers but not from Z to Z Z meaning set of integers?

It's not a bijection in Z because it's not surjective. For example, f(x) = 3 has no solution in Z. In other words, you can't double an integer (Z) to get an odd number. It works in R because it's ok to have decimals.

Is Ethernet network usage is based on a bus topology?

Several variations of Ethernet exist. At some moment, a bus topology was quite common, but nowadays, a star or extended star - with a hub or switch at the center of the star - is more common.

Several variations of Ethernet exist. At some moment, a bus topology was quite common, but nowadays, a star or extended star - with a hub or switch at the center of the star - is more common.

Several variations of Ethernet exist. At some moment, a bus topology was quite common, but nowadays, a star or extended star - with a hub or switch at the center of the star - is more common.

Several variations of Ethernet exist. At some moment, a bus topology was quite common, but nowadays, a star or extended star - with a hub or switch at the center of the star - is more common.

How do you make a regular hexagon with equations?

A regular hexagon with one vertex at the origin, and a side along the x-axis and of length s has vertices at:

(0, 0)

(s, 0)

(1.5*s, 0.5*s*√3)

(s, s*√3)

(0, s*√3)

(-0.5*s, s*√3)

Since you now have both endpoints of each line segment, their equations are easy to find.

What is meant by an anholonomic space and an idempotent vector?

An anholonomic space, more commonly referred to as a nonholonomic space, is simply a path-dependent space.

For example, if I went to the kitchen to get a snack, I know that, regardless of what path I take to get back to my room, I will get back to my room. I could have gone outside, on the roof, to a liquor store, or wherever, but the ultimate result from adding up all those paths is that I'll be back in my room. That is because I'm in a holonomic space, or a path-independentspace. Now, if after traveling to all those locations I came back to what I thought should be my room, but instead found myself at, say, the beach, I would be in an anholonomic space, where my destination changes depending on my path taken, ie. my destination is path-dependent.

An idempotent vector doesn't really have any meaning since the concept of idempotence applies to operations. The term idempotence basically just means something that can be applied to something else over and over again without changing it, like adding zero to a real number or multiplying that number by one. That's why a vector, in and of itself, can't be idempotent. However, multiplyinga unit basis vector, ie. one that wouldn't change the magnitude or direction of another vector, to another vector would be an idemtopic operation in a vector space.

How is topology useful today?

Topology is always useful when looking at how a network is physically constructed or wired. This gives the network technician some idea of how the network is put together when diagnosing problems.

How do host on a physical ring topology communicate?

How do hosts on a physical ring topology communication

How many digrees does a scaline triangle have?

The 3 interior angles of a scalene triangle add up to 180 degrees

How is the convergence of a sequence defined?

Let B, D be a metric space, p be any positive number, m be a positive integer, and {sn}, n Є N be a sequence in B. Then sn converges to a point c Є B if given there's an m for every p such that n > m, then sn Є N(c, p), the D-pneighborhood of c. c is said to be the limit of sn and can be written sn --> c.

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