The role of a change agent is often to identify opportunities for improvement in the internal operations of an organisation or business, gain acceptance for the need for change, and lead the implementation of the appropriate new processes or cultural changes.

Change agents may need a different mix of competencies according to the size, complexity and needs of the organisation. Typical requisites are good project management and leadership skills, with a particular focus on the ability to motivate people. Also important are the ability to understand the external environment and the management vision for the organisation.

To add onto this, one the most important role of a change agent is the people. The cahbge agent needs to ensure that the people are ready and geared for the changes that is about to happen. Effective training and dealing with employee uncertainties and fears. If your employee are geared and ready for the change the implemetation would happen smoothly.

MANAGERS MAKING DECISIONS

At t his point in the study of Chapter 6, students will learn about the manager as a decision maker and how decisions are actually made in organizations. In this section, students examine how decisions are made, the types of problems and decisions faced by real-life managers, the conditions under which managers make decisions, and decision-making styles.

A. Making Decisions: Rationality. Managerial decision making is assumed to be rational-that is, making choices that are consistent and value-maximizing within specified constraints. If a manager could be perfectly rational, he orshe would be completely logical and objective.

1. Rational decision making assumes that the manager is making decisions in the best interests of the organization, not in his or her own interests.

2. The assumptions of rationality can be met if the manager is faced with a simple problem in which (1) goals are clear and alternatives limited, (2) time pressures are minimal and the cost of finding and evaluating alternatives is low, (3) the organizational culture supports innovation and risk taking, and (4) outcomes are concrete and measurable.

B. Making Decisions: Bounded Rationality. In spite of these limits to perfect rationality, managers are expected to be rational as they make decisions. Because the perfectly rational model of decision making isn't realistic, managers tend to operate under assumptions of bounded rationality, which is decision-making behavior that is rational, but limited (bounded) by an individual's ability to process information.

1. Under bounded rationality, managers make satisficing decisions, in which they accept solutions that are "good enough."

2. Managers' decision making may be strongly influenced by the organization's culture, internal politics, power considerations, and by a phenomenon called escalation of commitment-an increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been wrong.

Treatment for trigger finger -

• Rest the fingers and stretch out after every 8 hours of work.
• Do hot and cold fomentation of the trigger finger keeping in hot water for 5 seconds and then keeping in ice cold water for 5 seconds. Repeat this for 5 minutes every day once.
• Take a homeopathic remedy called arnica Montana 30, 3 times daily for 7 days in a month for 3 months in this way.
• If possible relax this triggered finger for a month or change the type of job or in worst cases surgery may become inevitable.

Switching to another analgesic to a normal dose (lower from 50-75% equivalent dose) might allow "Dilaudid tolerance" to disappear. As an example, switching to Morphine 75 mg for some months will lower Dilaudid tolerance.

I have personally had over 13 operations and most of them major. For the last 18 years I have been off and on painkillers and the only thing that works for me now is grin and bear it. All the dilautid will do is hold me off for a little bit. I still feel all the pain. the only difference is it warms the head a bit. I don't know what to do.any suggestions would be welcome warmly. They even overdosed me the night of the last laperotomy. turned blue all that. (still hurt) kinda odd

I take same meds and dose. Go to either fentanyl patch 75-100mcg or opana er 30 to 40mg. that's oxymorphone and used for people with a huge tolerance to opiates with no other choice. if you are sooo desperate and u need to, iv the dilaudad. 1 4mg ived equals approx 17 mg and instant relief. i don't recommend though due to addiction. dilaudad tolerance is quick and i don't recommend that's why im going to opana next week. I was a robbery victim and had many bones broken w brass knuckles by punk thugs. I was kicking ass at first till the brass broke my jaw into 4 pieces. i also have such painful nerve damage. at one point i oded cause i didn't want to live w the pain anymore. good luck bro.