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Antigone

The play 'Antigone' is at least 2,440 years old. Still timely nevertheless are its main concerns over what to do about a bad law and how far to go for the sake of love or justice. Contributors typically ask and answer questions about the play's author, characters, imagery, literary devices, plot, and relationship to other plays of the same themes or time period.

3,361 Questions

Do deer have the ability to think?

Yes they do,they make me look stupid every hunting season, but they do think, but their thinking is more of a survival thought process.

This is an interesting and difficult question - one that isn't possible to answer completely, since we can't ask the deer. The answer you get is going to depend on who you ask.

The modern materialist position (neuroscience) holds that deer think the same way as people - our brains are just more complicated. This theory fails in several important ways, however - casual observation indicates that deer and people think differently (there is no deer art or deer philosophy; deer don't ask questions about whether other animals think), and neuroscientists know far less about the brain than they let on. The simplest explanation in these cases is usually the best, and the materialist position only makes sense if you are committed to materialism a priori, and are willing to ignore evidence.

At any rate, I agree with the above poster - they think after a fashion, but there is a real, qualitative difference and it would be a stretch to say they think like people. It seems to be more of an automatic process - something happens to them and they react. They don't seem to be conscious and self-aware. >>M.T.<<

Can you make a case for Oedipus' innocence?

of course we can, but his innocent needs to prove it through the prophecy , fate and destiny

How is Oedipus' tragic flaw his most admirable quality carried to the extreme?

Theban King Oedipus' tragic flaws are his pride and his passion. He's proud of his ability to find solutions to problems. Carried to the extreme, his pride tends to convince him of the pointlessness of alternative strategies, plans and options.

The King likewise is proud of his ability to care about others, of his passionate nature of his beliefs and convictions. In the beginning of 'Oedipus Rex', he appears to have his feelings under control. But his feelings and his passions become more uncontrollable as the play's action progresses. Carried to the extreme, Oedipus' passionate nature travels a one-way street and allows for no reversals.

How much is Creon to blame for the suicides of Antigone Haemon and Eurydice in 'Antigone'?

Theban King Creon is very much to blame for the suicides of Antigone, Haemon, and Theban Queen Eurydice. He issues a cruel law that contradicts the will of the gods regarding the rights of Thebans to proper funerary procedures. By that law, Antigone's brother Eteocles is buried. Also by that law, Antigone's brother Polyneices is denied burial. By that law too, Antigone is sentenced to death for going ahead and burying Polyneices.

Antigone is young. She's devoted to family. She's engaged to her first cousin, Haemon, who's Creon's only surviving child. But that doesn't stop her intended father-in-law from walling her up in a remote cave away from family and friends.

Haemon also is young. But he and Antigone love each other and want to marry. Creon indicates that Haemon eventually will be marrying someone who meets with royal approval.

Eurydice wants Antigone and Haemon to marry. Haemon is the only one of four children to survive. All of the other three die tragically. So she doesn't want Haemon to die at an early age. She wants to see him happily married, with children.

So Creon gets in the way of what's important to his niece, his son, and his wife. He refuses to listen to what they say or to care about what they want. Everything has to be his way. And his way makes life miserable for Antigone, Haemon, and Eurydice. That's why each one of them commits suicide. Each one of them prefers to begin their journey to the Underworld of the afterlife rather than to spend one minute more above ground on Creon's terms.

What do Creon's words suggest about how he views his son?

Theban King Creon views his son as someone to carry out his wishes. In fact, he says, 'Yea, this, my son, should be thy heart's fixed law - in all things to obey thy father's will. [...] But disobedience is the worst of evils'. The King further specifies that his friends must be Haemon's, his enemies Haemon's, and his choice or rejection of a bride Haemon's.

Why did Antigone bury her brother twice?

The first time she buried him, Creon ordered that the body be dug up again, so she buried him a second time accordingly.

What are the psychological perspectives in 'Oedipus Rex'?

A psychological perspective gives readers and viewers insight into the minds of the characters. The psychological perspectives in 'Oedipus Rex' therefore relate to the thoughts of Theban King Oedipus, Theban Queen Jocasta, Teiresias the blind prophet, subsequent Theban King Creon, and the chorus.

So readers and viewers are privy to the dawning horror of Oedipus and Jocasta in the gradual knowledge of the murderous, incestuous path that brings them to their previously happy marriage and parenthood. Readers and viewers also are privy to the reluctance of Teiresias to remove the appearance of decency from indecent relationships. They too are privy to the superficial struggle of Creon over the why and why not of grabbing royal power for himself alone.

And throughout the play, readers and viewers are privy to the weariness of the chorus over the state of things Theban. The chorus just wants to get through this latest set of woes and be ready for the next set of disappointments. As the play concludes, the chorus well knows that a mortal's fortune begins only with death. Until then, life means ducking the boomerangs of the gods and of other mortals.

What is Sophocles' philosophy on man's ability to understand the will of the gods?

Sophocles [496 B.C.E.-406 B.C.E.] seems to think that the will of the gods is mysterious to, and misapplied by, mortals. Mortals try to understand what the gods want and expect. But they often miss the mark.

For example, Theban King Oedipus learns of his fate to kill his father and marry his mother. He sees this as a warning to flee from Corinthian King Polybus and Corinthian Queen Merope, who in fact are his adoptive/foster parents. But he ends up killing his own biological father, Theban King Laius; and marrying his own biological mother, Theban Queen Merope.

Instead, he needs to keep his guard up and remain vigilant. For example, he needs to avoid violent situations with men old enough to be his father. Likewise, he needs to avoid romantic involvements with women old enough to be his mother. But Oedipus does neither. So the further he runs from his fate, the more he makes it happen.

What does Creon order about Polyneices' body in 'Antigone'?

That Polyneices' body is to be left above ground, exposed to the weather and wildlife, and denied its god given right to proper below ground burial and funeral services is what Theban King Creon orders. It doesn't matter to Creon that Polyneices was correct in trying to right a wrong. Neither does it matter that Polyneices was Creon's nephew.

What matters instead is Creon's decision to keep going in death the hatreds of a life. What matters instead is the conclusion that a disloyal Theban needs to be remembered as a traitor and not a hometown boy. So what matters essentially is the adage that what you bind on earth you bind in heaven. Specifically, it's that last act of righteous defiance by which Creon judges and condemns Polyneices, and not an otherwise apparently circumspect life.

What is strange about the reason that Oedipus gives for finding the murderer of King Laius?

Fear for his own life is the reason that Theban King Oedipus gives for finding the murderer of Theban King Laius. The reason is strange on two counts. On the one hand, that isn't the reason that's given by the Oracle at Apollo's Shrine for the man hunt. The Oracle says that the murderer must be identified, and punished with death or exile, in order for the devastating pestilence to end in Thebes. On the other hand, the reason is ironically strange, because Oedipus in fact is the murderer.

Why won't Antigone let Ismene join her?

She wants the pride for herself. She doesn't want to share it with Ismene especially Ismene didn't help bury Polynieces.

Additionally, Antigone is a care-giver. She is the only one of Oedipus' children to accompany him into exile and ease his last days. It is consistent with her character to not allow her sister to take the blame for her actions, which would result in her sister's death. It would have been different if Ismene actually had committed the act, but since she refused, Ismene deserved neither the fate nor the glory.

To what or whom does Antigone owe a longer allegiance?

Antigone owes a longer allegiance to death than to life. According to her, she will spend far more time in the realm of the dead than in the world of the living. She therefore wants to behave in such a way that she's welcomed by family and loved ones after her death.

Does Oedipus marries his mother?

He indeed marries his mother and has for kids with her. Oedipus was not aware that she was his mother. When they find out that he married his mother, she kills herself and he scratches his own eyes out.

Why is 'Oedipus Rex' considered one of the greatest works of all time?

A piece of literature is considered great when it's remarkable in its effectiveness. For example, its characters and its plot find universal appeal among audiences throughout all times and in all places. In the case of 'Oedipus Rex', play readers and stage goers are drawn into the intense emotional conflict that's nowhere more perfectly exhibited than within the very character of the play's hero and anti-hero, Theban King Oedipus. The commentary and the entertainment of the choral odes link very closely and logically with what happens to the characters in the play's dramatic episodes. And so readers and viewers feel horrified fascination with Oedipus' headlong slide from heroism into villainy. The play's dramatic irony hits close to home as the reading and viewing audience witness the play's characters becoming ever more entangled in their fates just as they try so hard to escape.

What family tragedies does Creon suffer?

The battlefield deaths of his nephews and the suicides of his wife, son and niece are the family tragedies that Theban King Creon suffers in 'Antigone'. From the previous 'Oedipus Rex', we know that Creon carries the weight of previous family tragedies. Specifically, there's the murder of his first brother-in-law, Theban King Laius. There's the suicideof his only sister, Theban Queen Jocasta. There's the self-blinding and exile of his second brother-in-law, Theban King Oedipus. There's the constant reminder of the previous tragedies in Creon's being responsible for Oedipus' and Jocasta's two daughters, Antigone and Ismene, the children of an incestuous mother-son marriage.

Are there real life 'Antigone' stories?

Yes, actual equivalents of the play 'Antigone' may be found in real life. In any place and at any time that individuals hold fast to their beliefs, the equivalents of Antigone may be found. All changes and all challenges to the inhumanity of government or of a majority to an individual or a minority come about because of individuals such as Antigone who come to the assistance of those who face injustice and can't defend themselves. For example, in the play, Antigone defends the disloyal Theban dead. They don't stop being Theban or being loved with death. But in death they rely on the living to make sure that they receive the proper preparation for proper reception into the underworld realm of the dead.

Why does Antigone choose to kill herself the way she does?

In the play 'Antigone', the main character of the same name commits suicide by hanging herself with her own halter. The play doesn't explain why Antigone chooses this particular method. The other two suicides are by stabbing. For Antigone's first cousin and fiance, Haemon, turns his own sword on himself. And Haemon's mother Queen Eurydice stabs herself in the chest. Hanging is considered a loathsome form of capital punishment. On her way to her final resting place in a remote cave, Antigone regrets having no husband or children. But she may not be articulating these unrealizable dreams out of self-loathing. Instead, she's a practical individual who considers the consequences of her acts. It may be that in the realm of means, hanging is the method that guarantees the quickest and surest end to her suffering in the world of the living. For Antigone says that she respects the dead, and looks forward to her time in the realms of the underworld god.

How does Creon change from the beginning of 'Antigone' to the end?

In the beginning of the play 'Antigone', Theban King Creon is haughty in his treatment of others. He is so secure in his kingly powers that he brooks no opposition, from family and non-family alike. At the end, the King is miserable. He loses everything that, without his realizing or appreciating it, gave his life meaning. For he no longer has the presence of his wife Eurydice or of his only surviving son Haemon. Neither does he have any longer the respect of the blind prophet Teiresias or of his people. During most of the play, he rules alone without regard for the experiences, feelings, and opinions of others. And so in the end, he leads his now empty personal and professional life on his own too.

Why is there a complex named after Oedipus?

A love for one's mother and a lack of it for one's fathermay be said to be the basis for the Oedipus complex, and for Theban King Oedipus' problems. According to the complex, a healthy adult male needs to move a childhood stage of making the mother important to an adolescent stage of listening to his father. Oedipus can be said not to do so. He kills his father, and takes his father's place by marrying his father's wife. That wife isn't a stepmother. She's Oedipus' biological mother.

Why is Antigone's plan dangerous?

Antigone's plan to bury her brother Polyneices is dangerous. It's against the law to give a proper burial to the dead among the Argive enemy and their traitorous Theban allies. It's a difficult job to do. Antigone asks for her sister Ismene's help, which isn't forthcoming. The punishment is death by stoning.

How would you compare and contrast the characters of Antigone and Creon?

In the comparison between Antigone and Creon, her uncle and her king, both characters have strong wills. As an example, Antigone is as determined to respect the god-given laws regarding the dead as Theban King Creon is determined to enact and enforce his own manmade laws. Both chance losing a great deal if what they do boomerangs on them. For example, Antigone risks losing her life for violating the law, and the King risks losing his kingdom for enacting and enforcing an inhumane, unfair, unjust, unpopular law. And both are descended from Cadmus, the founder of Thebes. Antigone descends from Cadmus through her father King Oedipus. The King and Jocasta, the mother of Antigone and the wife of Oedipus, descend from Cadmus through their father, Menoeceus. In contrast, Antigone believes that manmade laws must harmonize with the higher god-given justice, morality, rites, rituals and traditions. But the King believes that he can issue his own manmade laws that directly contradict the god-given. Additionally, Antigone considers the hatreds of a lifetime as ending with death. She therefore believes that both the disloyal and the loyal Theban dead need to be given proper burial. But the King considers a dead enemy as much an enemy as a live enemy, and therefore not deserving of the same funerary treatment as living and dead friends. And finally, Antigone thinks of the consequences of her actions, in terms of the passage through life into death. But the King considers only his own needs and wants, as he consolidates his power over his family and his people. He doesn't think in advance of the repercussions of what he does. And he certainly doesn't think of the pain and suffering of the loved ones that the dead leave behind. In fact, he doesn't think of anything regarding the living and the dead until his deeds and misdeeds catch him up in the end.