Athens

Sparta civilization was all about power and battle; every boy was trained to grow up and be a military weapon. On the other hand, Athens was all about advancements in technologies and not so much battle. Athens' military was mostly filled with potters, bakers, speakers, and so on. It was very much different than Sparta

The good things about ancient Athens is, Athens is they had really good poets, they had great mathematics skills, they also have great artist. The bad things about ancient Athens is women didn't have many freedoms like the freedom to vote, go to the agora and all the things the men get to. Also another good things about Athens is it is still the capital of Greece, but Sparta is not a city anymore.

women and children were supossed to get on the lifeboats first, but somehow second class men doubled the survivors of first class children, and even women. so basiclly, men were mainly the survivers

(1) to strengthen athenian democracy(2) to hold and strngthen the empire

(3)to glorify Athens

the Acropolis Of Athens is being faded by acid rain because it is melting

Initially the defensive hill-fort of a city, then expanding to temples and treasury.

Pericles was an Athenian general and political leader who succeeded his mentor Ephialtes who was murdered in 460 BCE by the aristocrats for reintroducing democracy in Athens. Pericles took the democracy to a more extreme stage where the assembly of citizens made the decisions and the Council of 5000 implemented them. He led Athens into a war with the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. He died of plague a couple of years into the 27-year war, so we don't know if he could have guided Athens safely out of the war he brought on.

As we don't have the worksheet, we can't help.

Sparta and Athens each headed influential blocs of the Greek city-states - the Dorians and the Ionians, respectively. And each was prepared to resist the Persian enticements to join their Empire. This frustrated the Persian strategy to bribe and subvert the city-states - successful in northern Greece, but opposed by a united Dorian-Ionian group in the south.

Women in Athens were not citizens - citizens were males 18 and over who could prove their Athenian ancestry.

Women were kept in the home in virtual purdah, bearing and raising children, tending the house, vegetable garden, chickens etc, getting out only for an occasional women's religious festival.

Athens' democracy consisted mostly of the occasional plebiscite, comparable with today's referendum. Only freeborn male citizens could participate; women were considered mere 'possessions' of their husbands or fathers who had power of even life and death over them. There were no 'democratic' institutions. The plebiscites mentioned above were usually carefully orchestrated. Which was easy, because the ordinary citizens of Athens all were 'clients' of one or another important family to which they were loyalty-bound and who they visited on a regular basis to pay their respects or to ask for favors or protection..

In terms of day-to-day government Athens was an Oligarchy, run by the members of a small group of rich and powerful families. The idea of Athens being the 'cradle of democracy' is largely an invention of 19th century poet Lord Tennyson who in this way (and succesfully) drummed up support from Britain and France for Greece's revolution against its Ottoman overlords.

Their systems initially developed in parallel, becoming limited democracies. Then Athens went further under the influence of Pericles who used a radical democracy to suppress his political opponents. This radical democracy led Athens into misadventures and a long war which it lost, and it eventually reverted to a limited democracy.

Philosophy was not invented, it evolved as different people proposed different ideas. Philosophy then included what we today call science.

During its so-called golden age, Athens was rich enough to attract philosophers from around the Greek world - including such examples as Euclid (mathematics), Plato (metaphysics, politics, dialectic), Aristotle (ethics, psychology, five elements, motion, optics), Theophrastus (logic, physics, ethics).

The 'democratic' reforms of Cleisthenes were a very complicated revision of religious and tribal associations that had endured for centuries.

Geographically Athens and Sparta are very close but have different values, lifestyles, and cultures. Athens has a population of 140,000 while Sparta has 100,000 inhabitants

Athenians included its working class, Sparta had serfs whom it had conquered in the southern Peloponnese.

It was called ostracism. The citizens were asked to vote on a 10-year banishment of the victim. It wasn't only the 'bad' politicians - it was anyone who opposed the dominant clique, which may have itself been 'bad'.

Philosophers Socrates, Plato and Aristotle,Phidias - the greatest sculptor and Pericles a great leader were from this golden age of Athens.

It ended when Athens lost the Peloponnesian War and was stripped of its empire, and the empire's money which bankrolled the prosperity.

Apella.

They had the letter A (alpha) on their shields, and their city symbol was the owl of Athena, their patron godess.

Nearly two hundred cities, mainly around the Aegean and Black Seas and the Islands, which originally were part of the anti-Persian Delian League, which Athens turned into an empire after the Persian threat subsided, converting the annual levy for defence to its own private use. The funds were collected ruthlessly by force if necessary. The funds were also used to finance the Athenian navy which did this collecting each year.

Three cities did not pay, as they maintained ships to augment the Athenian fleet - Samos, Lesbos and Chios. Many cities periodically refused to pay, and the records of Athenian show an annual death toll of Athenian soldiers who died in collecting the revenue by force. The first to be dealt with was Naxos; others followed. Eventually Samos also resisted and was captured and punished.

As far as we can tell, there has been some sort of settlement at Athens as far back as history and archaeology can take us. The site was perfect for even the smallest village: an oblong valley about ten miles wide with an impregnable hill, the Acropolis, ..

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they all made reforms in Greece and helped to create democracy

As First Citizen after arranging the expulsion of opposition leader Thucydides son of Melesias, he manipulated the democracy, feeding them the spoils of the empire he created out of the redundant anti-Persian (Delian) league of a couple of hundred Greek cities, bringing the treasury from Delos to Athens. He continued to extort the annual defence contributions for Athens' private use, to rebuild and glorify the city, subsidise the arts and science, and put half the populace on the public payroll - effectively turning those other cities into an empire of Athens.

By fostering a hardline approach to Greek cities outside the empire he let/led Athens fall into war with the Spartan-led Peloponnesian League confident that the walls of Athens and the offensive fleet subsidised by the Delian League would enable Athens to outlast and overcome that opposition.

He died of plague three years into the ensuing war, and the leadership fell to opportunists who did not stick to his policies. We don't know whether, if he had lived, he could have avoided Athens' eventual defeat and loss of its empire.