Australian Colonial Settlement

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The primary reason for establishing another penal colony in Van Diemen's Land was to offset the chances of the French establishing a foothold in Australian territory. The French were already planning to establish a settlement in the south, so the British moved to stake a claim on Van Diemen's Land as an extension of its territory.

The First Fleet's trip from Portsmouth to Rio de Janeiro took almost three months. The fleet departed on 13 May 1787 and arrived in Rio on 7 August 1787.

Not at all. Most of them are descendants of the free settlers who arrived following the establishment of the early penal colonies. These free settlers arrived primarily from England and the rest of the UK, Germany (from the 1840s), Italy and Greece during the early 19th century, and other countries later on, particularly once the goldrushes started. Many more are descendants of migrants who followed later on.

Boys and girls under the age of seven would have both worn a long dress. The boys wore a cap called a biggin. It was large and tied under the chin. The girls, like the women, wore their hair up in a small cap called a coif. After the age of seven the boys would wear the same type of clothing as the men.

The men generally wore a button up long sleeve, button up shirt with a ruffle around the collar. The pants were short and tied off at the knee.

The women wore ankle length dresses with long sleeves. The Pilgrims of that time did wear some colorful clothing.

Underwear came in the form of a shift, or long shirt. Long stockings were worn with the day clothes. No one wore underpants. Females wore their hair long and in the coif. If a hat was needed it would be placed on top of the coif. Shoes were leather and all cut the same. There was no right or left shoe.

There are no British colonies in the US.

Below Tasmania

They just slept under the ship together.

19 July 1763

No, The people that arrived in Australia in the first fleet nearly starved to death.

Australia was very strange for the people of the First Fleet. When the first European settlers arrived in Australia, they found a hot, humid country. The bushland was thick and unlike anything they had at home - instead of green, grassy hills and green trees, they found rocky terrain and strange, grey-green trees that smelled strong and sweet. There was an eerieness to the bushland, because it seemed all the same to their inexperienced eyes, and stories of the Aborigines were exaggerated to make the convicts fear stepping outside the camps. Any who did escape quickly became lost, and many convict bones lie scattered in the bush where they became hopelessly lost, and unable to fend for themselves.

The heat and humidity made it difficult to motivate the convicts to work, and English tools and implements were unusable in the tough Australian soil. There were strange hopping animals - the 'kangaroo' - and strange, noisy birds such as the kookaburra and cockatoos.

Russia never had colonies. We have no colonies at current time (But Great Britain have now - The king of GB is the head of UK, Canada, Australia and some other colonies)

4.00 a.m.Prisoner cooks (3 in number) admitted on deck.5.30 a.m.Captains of divisions and upper deck for the purpose of filling wash tubs and prisoners at the same time to commence taking up their beds and hammocks.6.00 a.m.One half of the prisoners admitted for the purpose of washing their person under the supervison of their respective captains half an hour being allowed for this purpose.7.30 a.m.Down all prisoners. Ships company to commence washing upper deck and water closets.8.00 a.m.Breakfast.8.30 a.m.One man from each mess admitted on deck for the purpose of washing up their mess utensils.9.00 a.m.All the prisoners admitted on deck with the exception of the men in each mess who in turn will clean and scrape dry the prison deck and their berths the bottom boards of the latter being removed during which time I will attend in the surgery and on the deck.9.30 a.m.Prison inspected after which all the prisoners will be assembled on deck for prayers.10.00 a.m.One half of the prisoners sent on deck for exercise the other half being arranged in schools under the superintendence of the Religious Instructor assisted by monitors.11.30 a.m.School to break up.12.00 a.m.Dinner.12.30 p.m.From each mess one man to be admitted on deck for the purpose of washing mess utensils.1.20 p.m.Deck to be swept up.1.30 p.m.Half the prisoners to be admitted on deck the remainder below to be arranged in school as in the forenoon.4.00 p.m.Down all beds and hammocks.4.30 p.m.Supper.5.00 p.m.One man from each mess admitted on deck to wash utensils.6.30 p.m.Prayers.7.00 p.m.Petty officers of the day and night muster on deck.8.00 p.m.Down all prisoners.9.00 p.m.Rounds.

Convicts formed a large percentage of the Australian population for the first few decades of settlement.

Please specify the colonial region to which you refer.

The Alexander weighed 452 tons, and was 114 feet long and 31 feet at the beam. The largest ship in the fleet, the Alexander carried 195 male convicts on the passage to New South Wales.

Convict labour was introduced in Australia with the first European settlement. This occurred with the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788. Convicts were assigned to work parties, whether they be the road gangs, constructing buildings or as helpers to the free settlers establishing farms.

The convicts were most commonly punished by being placed on reduced rations, meaning they were given less food, or certain privileges such as tobacco, tea or sugar were withdrawn.

Sometimes, they were assigned to difficult work, such as the road gangs.

The Cat o' nine tails was a particularly vicious type of punishment. This was a whip with nine cords of leather, each of which had a metal triangle embedded in the end. A convict was given between 10 and 50 lashes (in some case more), and within just a few lashes, the flesh would be ripped out, sometimes to the point where the bone was exposed.

The Lady Penrhyn of the First Fleet had a weight of 333 tons.

The colony on Hispaniola had difficulties because

According to the "First Fleet Fellowship" website (see the related link below), there were 252 dozen pounds of cotton candles and 168 dozen pounds of mould candles on the First Fleet. In addition, there were 44 tons of tallow for making more candles as required.

Sydney was colonised with the arrival of the First Fleet on 26 January 1788.

People became lazy and less imaginative. Reading and thinking declined and the vegatative state became a part of daily life. Fortunately, there is some reprieve. Childrens and educational TV has improved dramatically in the last ten years. This is only one aspect of the societal change. TV also made dissemination of information more complete and rapid. Note: This is only my educated opinion.

There were 11 ships in the First Fleet, which departed from portsmouth, England on 13 May 1787.

Boys played marbles, both boys and girls played egg in a cup and children of Chinese miners played mah jong.

The First Fleet convicts were not kept in cells. They were kept below decks except for when the weather was fine enough for them to be allowed up on the decks.