Australian Colonial Settlement

They have kept their flags most probably because they are sensitive about they isolation from their European roots and culture. They probably see it as a sort of anchor and reminder of where they are from.

The Eora people were the first indigenous group who made contact with the convict settlers and officers on the eastern coast. The Eora were the original inhabitants of the Sydney area.

In the USA, it varies by state. Some prisons feed prisoners three times a day, some, only two, though they are full meals.

People travelled to the goldfields via any method they could. Most commonly, they walked. Some rode horses or took a horse and dray, and later on, regular coach services operated between the goldfields and major centres.

Quite simply, Cook didn't recommend it.

When James Cook sailed up the eastern coast of Australia and claimed the land for England under the name of New South Wales, he sailed into the harbour at Botany Bay. This was the area he and the ship's botanist, Sir Joseph Banks, recommended as suitable for a colony.

After the Portuguese rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1597, they went on to India, the East Indies, Spice Islands, Macao and Japan. They also set up a trading post in Timor in 1514. From here, expeditions were sent out. The extent of these is seen in the Dieppe Maps, which were based on Portuguese maps showing the northern and eastern coasts of Australia. A recorded exepedition in 1523 of three caravels under Mendonca sailed down the east coast, hoping to intercept Magellan, who was leading a Spanish expedion around the bottom of South America (Magellan evaded them by turning north and coming across to the Philippines). For example see map (Figure 8): http://www.surveyors.org.nz/Documents/Paper%202%20-%20R%20J%20King.pdf In 1606 The Duyfken charted the Gulf of Carpentaria giving the first written account of contact with the Australian continent. In the same year, Torres, a Portuguese in the employ of the Spanish governor of America, after an aborted expedition to New Caledonia, tried to return via the Philippines to the east of New Guinea but was prevented by contrary winds and sailed to its west, 'discovering' Torres Strait, though he already knew of its existence from the Portuguese discoveries. In 1616, Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog sailed too far whilst trying out Henderik Brouwer's recently discovered route from the Cape of Good Hope to Batavia, via the Roaring Forties. Reaching the western coast of Australia, he landed at Cape Inscription on 25 October 1616. In 1642, Abel Tasman discovered New Zealand, as well as a previously unknown island on his voyage past the "Great South Land", or "New Holland". Initially called Van Diemen's Land, this island later became Tasmania, one of the states of Australia. Dutch trading ships thereafter rode the westerly winds across the iandan Ocian, using the Western Australian coast as a truning point north to Batavia. Some were lost on the coast. In 1697, Dutch sailor Willem de Vlamingh reached "New Holland", as it was then called, charting the southwest coast of Western Australia. Thereafter other expeditions completed mapping of the western half of Australia. See map: http://www.nla.gov.au/exhibitions/southland/ In 1699 Englishman William Dampier reached Dirk Hartog Island in Western Australia and followed the coast to Roebuck Bay an the Dampier Archipelago.

The western portion of the Atlantic Ocean, from the North Pole to the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico

Australia was a colony of Great Britain. It was never a colonial power.

Highway robbery of a silk bonnet, some jewelry and a small sum of money.

Botany Bay is located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was the site of James Cook's first landing in Australia in the year 1770 on the 29th of April.

There were a number of reasons.

Australia, the "Great South Land", had been discovered quite by accident by Dutch and Portuguese explorers and traders during the 1600s. The Dutch explored enroute to where they traded goods in the West Indies, and came across the continent by accident. They showed no interest in the rather harsh-looking country.

The British explored with the aim of increasing the size of their Empire. The first Englishman to explore and map parts of New Holland was William Dampier who, upon landing on the western coast, was unimpressed by the dry, barren landscape, the lack of water and what he described as the "miserablest people in the world" - the native population.

Captain James Cook was the first to chart Australia's eastern coast, discovering the marvellous fertility and potential of the land that had not been claimed by any other nation. His recommendation that England colonise the land was taken seriously, and the authorities in Engalnd realised that such colonisation would solve a rather major problem that had developed.

Conditions in England in the 18th century were tough: the industrial revolution had removed many people's opportunities to earn an honest wage as simpler tasks were replaced by machine labour. As unemployment rose, so did crime, especially the theft of basic necessities such as food and clothing. The British prison system was soon full to overflowing, and a new place had to be found to ship the prison inmates. The American colonies were no longer viable, following the American war of Independence.

On 18 August 1786 the decision was made to send a colonisation party of convicts, military and civilian personnel to Botany Bay, New South Wales, under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip, who was appointed Governor-designate.

Once initial settlement occurred, people of other cultural groups moved to Australia for a better life, or to escape religious persecution, or to make their fortune in the goldrushes.

No,He did not have a diary.

When the First Fleet arrived in New South Wales in 1788, all efforts concentrated on developing farmland and a food supply to support the convict colony. Free settlers also began to arrive, lured by the promise of a better life in the new, young country. This placed considerable strain on New South Wales's resources, and farmers began to see the need for expansion beyond the Blue Mountains, which had provided an impassable barrier to the west. Thanks to the efforts of explorers such as Lawson, Blaxland and Wentworth, Hume and Hovell, Sturt, Mitchell, Cunningham and others, new fertile lands were discovered that were sufficient to meet the needs to the growing colony.

Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, the Philippine's early settlers are the Negritos and was then displaced by Austronesians. The settlement's basic unit was the barangay which is headed by a chief or datu.

Dozens of transport companies began during the gold rush. As an example, those recorded as involved in transport of military support for the Army at Eureka Stockade included Train and Co, T. Hunter, G.E. Young, McRae, W. Smith, and wait for it, F. Cobb. Presumably your question wanted the answer of Cobb and Co, but remember this was just one of many. Cobb & Co was set up in Melbourne in 1853 by immigrant Americans Freeman Cobb, John Murray Peck, John B Lamber and James Swanton. It was originally was called the American Telegraph Line of Coaches. Cobb & Co's first passenger run was on 30 September 1854, two weeks before its contract to convey 100 soldiers to Ballarat. It departed Melbourne for the Forest Creek diggings (now Castlemaine) and Bendigo. The network of routes was quickly expanded to deal with increased demand in the growing colony of Victoria. Initially a passenger service, Cobb & Co's reputation for speed and reliable service soon saw it being used for mail delivery and gold transport as well. It also used specially-sprung coaches, imported from America, which could handle the rough roads and rocky tracks much better than others operating at the time. Horses were replaced at changing stations 25 to 40 kilometres apart, meaning that fresher horses improved travelling time.

When the white settlers came, the Aborigines were dispossessed of their land and, much later, "encouraged" onto reserves, supposedly for their protection. They were forced off their traditional hunting grounds, and certainly herded away from the fertile coastal areas where there was plenty of food. White settlers wrecked the very effective native fishing traps, cleared native habitats and reduced the native food supplies, as well as polluting their water.

Massacres of the indigenous people occurred on a regular basis. The Coniston massacre, the massacre at Myall Creek, the "Battle of Risdon" in Tasmania and many others, all were perpetrated against the Aborigines by the Europeans. There were years of conflict between Tasmanian Aborigines and white settlers which eventually resulted in the loss of the purebred aboriginal race from Tasmania - virtually genocide.

The Europeans also introduced foods and diseases, all of which were perfectly harmless to the white settlers, but lowered the life expectancy of the aboriginal people. Simple diseases like Measles and Influenza had devastating effects on Aborigines. Foods containing wheat and sugar resulted in heart disease and obesity among the indigenous Australians. Europeans introduced new flora and fauna which took over native habitat, leading to the extinction of many plants and animals on which the Aborigines relied.

When the aboriginal children were forcibly taken from their families, this directly led to a loss of culture, language, customs and traditions among the Aborigines. When the Europeans first came to Australia, there were around 250 different aboriginal languages in Australia. There is just a fraction of that number now. Many stories from the aboriginal Dreaming (creation legends) have disappeared forever.

The man who became Australia's first Prime Minister, Edmund Barton, was a strong advocate of the federation of the Australian colonies, and he led the federal movement following the death of Sir Henry Parkes. In 1897 he was one of the NSW delegates to the Constitutional Convention which developed a constitution for the proposed federation. Discussion of the constitution commenced on 22 March 1897. After not being accepted by the states the first time, the amended Commonwealth Constitution was given Royal Assent on 9 July 1900. On 1 January 1901, federation of the colonies was achieved and the Commonwealth of Australia was proclaimed.

As the most vigorous federalist in the largest state, Barton was appointed Prime Minister, although this was only after some negotiations with the newly elected Governor-General, Lord Hopetoun, who initially invited Sir William Lyne, the Premier of New South Wales, to form a government. Barton was Prime Minister from January 1901 to September 1903.

The British were the first official colonists in Australia. The First Fleet arrived in Port Jackson on 26 January 1788, after bringing British convicts, officers and marines, as well as some of the marines' families.

However, there is quite a bit of evidence to suggest that the first unofficial colonists were survivors of Dutch shipwrecks off the Western Australian coastline during the early 1600s.

John Macarthur is often regarded as the Father of Australia's sheep industry. He was a man with a great deal of influence in colonial Australia, and it was he who arranged for the first Merino sheep to be brought to Australia from Spain. The first Spanish Merino sheep were brought to Australia in 1797. This type of Merino was a tough sheep which could handle Australia's extreme conditions. There had been little initial success with grain growing - a situation that was rectified as the colony grew - but sheep were an excellent mainstay, easy to maintain and profitable for both domestic and overseas markets.

See the related link about the role of John Macarthur in the establishment of the Merino sheep in Australia.

When the white settlers came, the Aborigines were dispossessed of their land and, much later, "encouraged" onto reserves, supposedly for their protection. They were forced off their traditional hunting grounds, and certainly herded away from the fertile coastal areas where there was plenty of food. White settlers wrecked the very effective native fishing traps, cleared native habitats and reduced the native food supplies, as well as polluting their water.

Massacres of the indigenous people occurred on a regular basis. The Coniston massacre, the massacre at Myall Creek, the "Battle of Risdon" in Tasmania and many others, all were perpetrated against the Aborigines by the Europeans. There were years of conflict between Tasmanian Aborigines and white settlers which eventually resulted in the loss of the purebred aboriginal race from Tasmania - virtually genocide.

The Europeans also introduced foods and diseases, all of which were perfectly harmless to the white settlers, but lowered the life expectancy of the aboriginal people. Simple diseases like Measles and Influenza had devastating effects on Aborigines. Foods containing wheat and sugar resulted in heart disease and obesity among the indigenous Australians. Europeans introduced new flora and fauna which took over native habitat, leading to the extinction of many plants and animals on which the Aborigines relied.

When the aboriginal children were forcibly taken from their families, this directly led to a loss of culture, language, customs and traditions among the Aborigines. When the Europeans first came to Australia, there were around 250 different aboriginal languages in Australia. There is just a fraction of that number now. Many stories from the aboriginal Dreaming (creation legends) have disappeared forever.

1788 is the year that England colonised the Australian continent. The First Fleet, consisting of eleven ships, left Portsmouth, England, on 13 May 1787,and arrived in Botany Bay on 18 January 1788. Captain Arthur Phillip, Governor of the new colony, determined that there was insufficient fresh water, an absence of usable timber, poor quality soil and no safe harbour at Botany Bay. Thus the fleet was moved to Port Jackson, arriving on 26 January 1788. Australia Day, celebrated annually on January 26, commemorates the landing of the First Fleet at Port Jackson in 1788, and the raising of the Union Jack to claim the land as belonging to England.

On 5 January 1819, English judge John Thomas Bigge was dispatched to inquire into the actions of Governor Macquarie in the New South Wales colony. Bigge felt that the convicts should be treater with stricter discipline and harsher punishment, and that the emancipists should be held in greater account. Bigge criticised Macquarie for his spending on public works and for his attempts to create an orderly colony out of the haphazard settlement that Sydney had grown into. Bigge reported that more monies should be returned directly into the economy of Sydney itself, rather than expansion beyond its confines (Macquarie was also a great sponsor of exploration to find new rivers and new lands for settlement). As a result of the inquiry and Bigge's report, Macquarie was forced to resign his commission and return to England to defend his administration.

With a population of about 130,000 Cairns, in far north Queensland, is the next largest urban centre in Queensland, after Brisbane.

The white settlers had the guns and ropes and they had no qualms about using them.

They also obviously had a different skins colour from each other which would have been quite confronting for them at the time. The whites also had a higher level of civilisation.

Elizabeth and John Macarthur, pioneers of the wool industry in Australia, had eight children altogether: Edward, Elizabeth, James, John, Mary, James, William and Emmeline.