Australian Prime Ministers

Robert (Bob) James Lee Hawke did many things during the time that he was Prime Minister. The one thing he did that was really great and known for, is that he established the University of South Australia

Multiculturalism is a cultural and political policy established by the Australian government to show citizens how they should live together.

The term multiculturalism means 'numerous cultures'. It was put into place to promote a way of thinking that embraces and accepts Australians who have come from different countries or who identify with a culture that is different.

n 1973 the term 'multiculturalism' was introduced by the Labor government under Prime Minister Gough Whitlam.

Australian Prime Mininister John Curtin sought help from the US during World War II because England, on whom Australia had relied for so long, made it clear that they were not in a position to help defend Australia against the advance of the Japanese. England's Defence Forces were divided between the battles in Europe and in southeast Asia, and had suffered a terrible loss with the fall of Singapore.

Kevin Rudd lost his position as Leader of the Labor Party and hence Prime Minister of Australia due to a combination of factors.

Mr Rudd had a group of advisers who simply gave him bad advice. Instead of acting in partnership with the Cabinet, he tended to listen to just a few people, whose limited experience led to poor choices. The advice they gave him led to unpopular choices which destroyed his reputation and his credibility.

Similarly, Mr Rudd had a tendency to take just part of a policy and adopt it, instead of incorporating the whole plan. The Henry Report was an example of this. The Henry Report, which led to the planned introduction of the mining super tax, had many more components which would have supposedly reformed Australia's economy, but most of the focus was on this one, unpopular plan to place a huge tax on what is arguably Australia's most profitable industry.

When it came to the crunch, Mr Rudd's advisers deserted him. Those who had supported him chose to support his deputy, Julia Gillard, instead. It should be noted that, although Ms Gillard has always claimed she did not want the top job, there are many indicators to suggest she was being groomed for the position. Indeed, she posed a significant threat to Mr Rudd when the leadership of the Labor Party was at stake in 2006 (this was when Mr Rudd was elected leader of the ALP). Mr Rudd made what he thought was a strategic move when he appointed her the deputy PM, because it brought her into the limelight where she would be less likely to undermine him. She was a threat to his leadership almost four years before the 24 June 2010 "coup" ever occurred.

Another mistake which Mr Rudd made was his failure to act in January 2010 when policy differences suggested a double-dissolution election was in order. Following the failed Copenhagen summit, the ALP's electoral strategy group put together a plan for Mr Rudd to start campaigning in late January and raising his profile. Prior to the first sitting of parliament on February 2, Mr Rudd was to call a double-dissolution election for March based on the Senate's rejection of the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme early in December. Mr Rudd's failure to act was compounded by the fact that his first public duty was to write and promote a children's book, instead of attending to his Prime Ministerial duties. He was greatly criticised for not having the nerve to call the double-dissolution election.

Another issue is that there were concerns about the way Kevin Rudd, as Prime Minister, neglected the administration of national security. It has transpired that Mr Rudd compromised the National Security Committee of Cabinet by not turning up for crucial meetings. Commonwealth officials and cabinet sources have indicated that Mr Rudd showed "a casual disregard" for the national security committee, at a time when Australia was engaged in a war and wrestling with its border security policy. It was not uncommon for Mr Rudd to allow his 31-year-old chief of staff to deputise for him on the committee when he was either late or simply did not attend at all.

Kevin Rudd holds the seat of Griffith in Queensland.

In June 2010, Kevin Rudd was challenged for the leadership of the ALP (Australian Labor Party) for a number of reasons. He lost the vote for the leadership to Julia Gillard, so was forced to resign, as the Prime Minister must be the leader of the party.

For the reasons why Mr Rudd's leadership was challenged, see the related question below.

Gough Whitlam was made leader of the Labor Party in 1967, and became Prime Minister in 1972.

Kevin Rudd lost his position as Leader of the Labor Party and hence Prime Minister of Australia due to a combination of factors.

Mr Rudd had a group of advisers who simply gave him bad advice. Instead of acting in partnership with the Cabinet, he tended to listen to just a few people, whose limited experience led to poor choices. The advice they gave him led to unpopular choices which destroyed his reputation and his credibility.

Similarly, Mr Rudd had a tendency to take just part of a policy and adopt it, instead of incorporating the whole plan. The Henry Report was an example of this. The Henry Report, which led to the planned introduction of the mining super tax, had many more components which would have supposedly reformed Australia's economy, but most of the focus was on this one, unpopular plan to place a huge tax on what is arguably Australia's most profitable industry.

When it came to the crunch, Mr Rudd's advisers deserted him. Those who had supported him chose to support his deputy, Julia Gillard, instead. It should be noted that, although Ms Gillard has always claimed she did not want the top job, there are many indicators to suggest she was being groomed for the position. Indeed, she posed a significant threat to Mr Rudd when the leadership of the Labor Party was at stake in 2006 (this was when Mr Rudd was elected leader of the ALP). Mr Rudd made what he thought was a strategic move when he appointed her the deputy PM, because it brought her into the limelight where she would be less likely to undermine him. She was a threat to his leadership almost four years before the 24 June 2010 "coup" ever occurred.

Another mistake which Mr Rudd made was his failure to act in January 2010 when policy differences suggested a double-dissolution election was in order. Following the failed Copenhagen summit, the ALP's electoral strategy group put together a plan for Mr Rudd to start campaigning in late January and raising his profile. Prior to the first sitting of parliament on February 2, Mr Rudd was to call a double-dissolution election for March based on the Senate's rejection of the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme early in December. Mr Rudd's failure to act was compounded by the fact that his first public duty was to write and promote a children's book, instead of attending to his Prime Ministerial duties. He was greatly criticised for not having the nerve to call the double-dissolution election.

Another issue is that there were concerns about the way Kevin Rudd, as Prime Minister, neglected the administration of national security. It has transpired that Mr Rudd compromised the National Security Committee of Cabinet by not turning up for crucial meetings. Commonwealth officials and cabinet sources have indicated that Mr Rudd showed "a casual disregard" for the national security committee, at a time when Australia was engaged in a war and wrestling with its border security policy. It was not uncommon for Mr Rudd to allow his 31-year-old chief of staff to deputise for him on the committee when he was either late or simply did not attend at all.

• Yes, he is still alive

Prime Ministers can normally be elected any number of times.

The first horses arrived in Australia on 26 January 1788at Sydney Cove, like many of the introduced stock animals. They were brought on board the First Fleet from the Cape of Good Hope.

There are many negative things that Robert menzies has done such as suppoting Hitler and the Nazis in world war two, introduce conscription in 1952 and again in 1965, he suppressed information on who started the Korean war from Parliament and the UN , he also took Australian soldiers there to fight. He allowed the Nazis and the other world war two criminals to migrate to Australia and would not build up the manufacturing industries.

Kevin Rudd is a Christian.

There were actually a total of three Prime Ministers throughout the span of World War I.

When the war broke out in July of 1914, the Prime Minister was Joseph Cook, who held this position until September of that same year.

Following Cook was Andrew Fisher, who had been Prime Minister twice in previous years.

Following Fisher, William 'Billy' Morris Hughes became Prime Minister in 1915 and held that title until 1923, several years after the end of the war.

john Howard showed love and affection for this country he was smart in his choices and was always helpful

*women were treated equally; they had many more opportunities

*multiculturalism

*giving more rights to Aboriginals (land rights, etc)

*introduced medibank aka. medicare today

Three Men acted as Australia's Prime Minister during 1941:

Robert Menzies: 26 April 1939 - 29 August 1941

Arthur Fadden: 29 August - 7 October 1941

John Joseph Curtin: 7 October 1941 - 5 July 1945

The word "aborigine" means a native race of any land. Aboriginal peoples are those who are indigenous to the area. American Indians are Aboriginal Americans. Most people, when they see the word, however, think of the aboriginal tribes of Australia. Australian aborigines have dark skin, similar to most Africans, but a small number have blond hair, similar to Caucasians.

Robert James Lee Hawke was Prime Minister of Australia from March 1983 to December 1991, prior to which he was a senior Trade Union leader. Bob Hawke was born in Bordertown, South Australia on 9 December 1929. After completing degrees in both Law and Arts at the University of Western Australia, Hawke won a Rhodes Scholarship and went to Oxford University to continue his studies. In 1958 he took a job as a research officer with the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) and went on to become ACTU President from 1970 to 1980. His father was a minister of religion, but Bob is an acknowledged atheist.

One does not need to be born in Australia to become Prime Minister, but one does need to be an Australian citizen.

Australia's first foreign-born Prime Minister was John 'Chris' Watson, who was born in Chile. George Reid was a Scotsman. Julia Gillard, Prime Minister of Australia from 2010-2013, was born in Wales but became a naturalised Australian citizen in 1974.

Francis (Frank) Forde served a term of just 8 days. He was Deputy Prime Minister during John Curtin's tenure, and when Curtin died suddenly, Forde led the government until Ben Chifley was elected eight days later.
Second to Forde was Arthur Fadden, who held office for 40 days in 1941.

Kevin Rudd was Prime Minister of Australia in 2009.