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Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of the structure, composition and chemical processes in all living organisms. It covers the structures and functions of various cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules.
8,065 Questions
Manny Heffley, the youngest sibling in the "Diary of a Wimpy Kid" series, is referred to as a toddler. His exact age is not specified in the books, but he is portrayed as being around 2-4 years old.
What hormone are parathyroid hormon?
Parathyroid hormone is a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands. It plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the body by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and reducing calcium excretion in the kidneys. Maintaining proper levels of parathyroid hormone is essential for bone health and overall mineral balance in the body.
What is carried from parent to offspring on chromosomes?
Genetic information, in the form of genes, is carried from parent to offspring on chromosomes. Genes contain instructions for various traits and characteristics that are passed down from generation to generation. Chromosomes are made up of DNA and contain the genetic material that determines an individual's inherited traits.
What is the function of oxegyn in the electron chain transport?
Oxygen functions as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. It combines with electrons and protons to form water, allowing the transfer of electrons to produce ATP. This process is essential for cellular respiration and generating energy for the cell.
Does hyposecretion of luteinizing hormone cause sterility in men?
Yes, hyposecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) can lead to decreased production of testosterone in men. This can result in lower sperm count, reduced sperm motility, and infertility due to disrupted functioning of the testes.
How much hydrochloric acid would a 2M solution contain?
A 2M solution of hydrochloric acid would contain 2 moles of hydrochloric acid per liter of solution. To determine the amount of hydrochloric acid in a certain volume of 2M solution, you can use the formula: moles = Molarity x Volume (in liters).
What are two things that can react to create a fire?
Combustible material (such as paper or wood) and a source of heat (such as a match or spark) can react to create fire. The heat ignites the combustible material, leading to combustion and the release of heat and light.
What is a synapse in a simple reflex action?
A synapse in a simple reflex action is a junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted. In a reflex action, when a stimulus triggers a sensory neuron, it sends a signal across a synapse to a motor neuron, which then causes a rapid response from a muscle or gland.
What is the source of heat for the lower atmosphere?
The primary source of heat for the lower atmosphere is the Sun. Solar radiation warms the Earth's surface, which in turn heats the air above it through conduction and convection. This process creates temperature variations that drive weather patterns and atmospheric circulation.
What type of interaction would you expect between phenylalanine and leucine in a tertiary structure?
Phenylalanine and leucine are both nonpolar amino acids, so they would likely interact through hydrophobic interactions in the tertiary structure of a protein. These interactions help stabilize the protein's structure by minimizing contact with water molecules.
Which structure contains the highest concentration of RNA?
The nucleolus within the cell nucleus contains the highest concentration of RNA. It is responsible for producing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which is essential for ribosome assembly and protein synthesis.
Which among the monosaccharide and disaccharide taste the least sweet?
Among monosaccharides, galactose is considered to be the least sweet-tasting. Among disaccharides, maltose is known to be less sweet compared to other disaccharides like sucrose and lactose.
What happens if you inhibit the electron transport chain?
The electron transport chain (which I will now conveniently refer to as ETC) couples a chemical reaction between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) to the transfer of H+ ions across a membrane, through a set of mediating biochemical reactions. These H+ ions are used to produce relatively large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy intermediate in living organisms, as they move back across the membrane.
Without a working ETC, the cell will be reduced to other forms of ATP producing pathways, most of which are highly inefficient as well as slow to produce ATP. In humans, the result of inhibiting or blocking the ETC is most pronounced. There are several well-known drugs and toxins that inhibit the ETC. Although any one of these toxins inhibits only one enzyme in the ETC, inhibition of any step in this process will halt the rest of the process.
One well known example is cyanide. Cyanide is an inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the ETC (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It attaches to the iron within this protein. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the ETC is disrupted, meaning that the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected. At a micro-level, Cells are unable to keep up with the essential production of ATP and begin to die off. At a macro-level, the cell death manifests as a coma with seizures, apnea and cardiac arrest, with death following in a matter of minutes.
What is the need of capping of TMV RNA?
A cap is associated to the 5' end of mRNAs of TMV transcribed by PolyII , which is essential for recruiting translation initiating factor and for anchoring RNA of the actin/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network.
How does epinephrine help to mediate lipolysis?
Epinephrine is a signal, opposite in effect to Insulin, that tells the blood-stream that more energy is needed. Ordinarily this need is fulfilled by the release of Glucose into the Blood. Lipolysis frees up other types of Energy Units for this same use.
Yes, that is true. Sex cells, such as eggs and sperm, are haploid, meaning they have half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells. Somatic cells are diploid, with two sets of chromosomes inherited from both parents.
Why does carbonic acid cause the pH of the ocean to decrease?
Carbonic acid forms when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. This acidification of the ocean decreases pH levels because carbonic acid releases hydrogen ions, increasing the acidity of the water. This can have negative impacts on marine life that rely on dissolved calcium carbonate to build their shells and skeletons.
Why is excess concentration in fat-soluble more critical than excess of water soluble vitamins?
Excess concentration of fat-soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity because they are stored in the body's fat tissues and can accumulate over time. In contrast, excess water-soluble vitamins are easily excreted from the body through urine, making toxicity less likely but can still cause adverse effects at very high levels.
Does bacteria store carbohydrates?
Yes, some bacteria have the ability to store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen or polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as an energy reserve. This allows them to survive in times of nutrient scarcity and under harsh environmental conditions.
Is everything made from water?
Yes, the world is mostly water. 70% of the Earth's surface is covered in water, followed by the 30% covered in land.
The surface area is Earth is taken up mostly by water. However, by mass the Earth is mainly composed of iron (~32%) followed by oxygen (~30%).
How many molecules of adenine and thymine are in each DNA model?
In DNA, adenine always pairs with thymine. Therefore, in each DNA model, the number of adenine molecules will be equal to the number of thymine molecules. The exact count of adenines and thymines will depend on the length of the DNA strand in the model.
How accurate is the identigene DNA home test?
Pretty accurate.
You ask a vague question, you get a vague answer.
A commonly cited figure for the accuracy of DNA tests is 99.5% or higher. That is, if you take a DNA sample from one person and test another person for a match, the odds are one in two hundred that you'll get a positive result.
This is pretty good if you're using it to confirm that a person who's a suspect for other reasons is the source of the DNA. It's totally worthless if you take the "shotgun" approach and test a whole bunch of people, because 99.5% accuracy means that 41,635 or so New Yorkers will give a positive result, and it's going to be a false positive for at least 41,634 of them.
What does the pH of an acid depend on?
The pH of an acid depends on the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) in the solution. The more hydronium ions present, the more acidic the solution and the lower the pH value. pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale from 0 to 14.
Why do you use trichloroacetic acid in glycogen extraction?
Trichloroacetic acid is used in glycogen extraction to precipitate proteins from the sample. This helps to separate the glycogen from other cellular components before further purification steps. Additionally, trichloroacetic acid helps to denature and inactivate enzymes that may degrade the glycogen during extraction.
What is the amino acid sequence for DNA strand with the base sequence DNA-AGGTACGAT?
The DNA sequence AGGTACGAT would be transcribed into mRNA as UCCAUGCUA, which would then be translated into the amino acid sequence Serine-Methionine-Leucine.
