Biotechnology

The outermost layer of the pericardial membrane is the fibrous pericardium, which is composed of dense connective tissue and helps protect the heart and anchor it in place within the chest cavity.

Blotting is a technique of transferring DNA or RNA or Protein from a gel to the membrane. nitrocellulose, PVDF or nylon membrane are used to attach these molecules permanently on them. Western, southern and norther blotting are the techniques used to transfer protein, DNA and RNA respectively. It is done to detect them with a specific probe or antibody. This can not be detected or easy to handle on the gel, so we do blot for these analysis.

Phenol is used in DNA isolation to help separate proteins and lipids from DNA by disrupting their interactions. Phenol denatures proteins and disrupts lipid membranes, allowing the DNA to be separated into the aqueous phase. This helps to purify the DNA for downstream applications like PCR, sequencing, or cloning.

The complementary DNA base sequence that would bond with ATGT is TACA. In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine. This follows the base pairing rules of DNA.

When you exhale slowly, like when you're trying to warm your hands, your breath loses heat to the surrounding air, making it feel warmer. When you exhale quickly, like when you're trying to cool your hands, the expelled air doesn't have time to warm up, so it feels cooler on your skin.

Cloning vectors are DNA molecules used to carry recombinant DNA into a host organism for replication. They contain sequences necessary for DNA replication, as well as markers for selection. By introducing recombinant DNA into cloning vectors, researchers can propagate and study the inserted genes in host organisms.

PCR products produce million copies of your gene of interest. After PCR, we usually resolve them on the agarose gel to visualize the amplified DNA using EtBr stain under UV. The main purpose is, it make sure your gene is really amplified and the length it run is corresponding to the right size of your gene of interest and purify it from other template DNA and other unspecifically amplified DNA products by extracting from the gel.

As of now, the only organism almost every labs around the world using E.coli as cloning host. For expression of proteins other organisms such as bacillus, insect cell lines(baculo virus mediated),yeast, and so on. The purpose of these organism is to used as a host to keep the chimeric DNA, and to manipulate other molecular events such as protein synthesis.

It plays an important role in the improvement in the health care and medicinal industries and it gives an opportunity to scientist to manufacture new pharmaceuticals can help, detect or cure disease it also vaccinates against dangerous diseases

A buret brush is used for cleaning burets, which are long, narrow glass tubes used in laboratories for measuring and dispensing precise volumes of liquid. The buret brush is designed to reach the inside of the buret to scrub away any residue or contaminants that may be present.

PCR or polymerase chain reaction is a method to amplify a fragment of DNA. PCR reaction contains template DNA, primers, dNTPs, polymerase enzyme, buffer and water. The thermocycler manage the heat and time to synthesize DNA (denaturation, annealing and extension). The main application is one can amplify the gene or DNA of interest to millions of copies by using this prior to cloning.

Reducing sugars are a type of carbohydrate that contain free aldehyde or ketone groups capable of reducing other compounds. Starches are polysaccharides made up of glucose molecules and serve as a storage form of energy in plants. Both reducing sugars and starches are carbohydrates.

Water is the universal polar solvent in which solutes can be dissolved. hydrogen bonds are formed between water molecules and proteins that is essential for life. Water is used in metabolism, photosynthesis pathways. Water regulates temperature in many organisms.

Detergent denatures (breaks up) proteins, which can then be precipitated and the DNA can be isolated

approach, design, manner, mode

I can't provide specific past questions, but you can look for them in your university's library or online resources. Some universities may also have past exam papers available on their websites. Additionally, there are study materials and question banks available that may help you prepare for your exams.

Selective breeding does not necessarily involve biotechnology. It is a traditional method of breeding where organisms with desired traits are chosen to produce offspring with those traits. Biotechnology, on the other hand, involves using techniques like genetic engineering to manipulate the genetic material of organisms to create desired traits.

Ethidium bromide is commonly used for staining native PAGE gels where proteins are kept in their native state. However, ethidium bromide is typically used for staining DNA in denaturing PAGE gels as it binds to DNA molecules specifically, providing better visualization compared to proteins in native gels. This is why alternative stains such as Coomassie blue or silver staining are typically used for proteins in non-denaturing PAGE gels.

The movement of the Frightened Grasshopper Solar Power Bug is directly affected by the amount of light falling on its solar panel. More light will provide more energy for the bug to move, whereas less light will reduce its movement. The bug is designed to be sensitive to changes in light levels to mimic the behavior of a real grasshopper.

A pairs only with T, and C pairs only with G. You know this is DNA (instead of RNA) because it has T instead of U.

A = Adenine, T = Thymine, C = Cytosine, and G = Guanine

An example:

One strand: CGATCCGA

Complimentary: GCTAGGCT

Now you know enough to solve the problem on your own.

The isolation (or extraction) of proteins requires a different method that those for organic molecules.

Proteins are extremely sensitive to temperature and ionic conditions. Therefore, the protocol for the isolation of a protein should take into consideration the preparation of the correct buffers and experimental methods to keep the protein intact so it does not degrade during the extraction process.

Protein are typically extracted from live cells so the isolation protocol should include disrupting the cell and removing the protein undamaged.

With organic molecules however, liquid-liquid extraction or 2-phase extraction may be carried out (depending on the properties of the organic substance)

Old biotechnology examples include selective breeding of plants and animals, fermentation for food production, and traditional plant breeding techniques. New biotechnology examples include gene editing technologies like CRISPR, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and synthetic biology for creating new biological systems.

biology is the study of life.

when we eat some thing then we must wash our hands. it is biology

when we are facing trafifc then to egnore noise we put our finger in ears .

when any one coughing then we cover our nostril to check infection

we boil milk before taking it to kill pathogens

Glycine is used in SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) as a buffer component to help maintain the pH and conductivity of the running buffer. It aids in separating proteins based on their size by forming an electric field gradient when an electrical current is applied. Glycine does not directly interact with the proteins being separated but helps to optimize the separation process.

Rifampicin is an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase, preventing transcription of essential genes. When used in selection of Agrobacterium, it targets and kills non-transformed cells that do not contain the resistance gene, allowing only transformed cells to survive due to their ability to withstand rifampicin.