Biotechnology

The smallest enzyme present in the human body is probably Triosephosphate isomerase.

Monoclonal antibodies were developed by César Milstein and Georges Köhler in 1975, for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984. They used hybridoma technology to produce identical antibodies that target a single antigen, revolutionizing biomedical research and therapy.

Plant biotechnology is a powerful tool for agriculture and the field is gaining momentum quickly. Plant BT has a lot of financial potential. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that anyone would try and invent something that will overthrow plant BT

They are the DNA repair system, which lowers the error. They are broadly of two types- i) direct RS ii) extensive RS. In direct RS, only single faulty nucleotide is replaced, and in extensive, a part of DNA is replaced!

The first transgenic organisms were created in laboratories in the United States in the early 1980s. The researchers inserted a bacterial gene into a mouse embryo, marking a significant milestone in genetic engineering.

In most biotechnology research laboratories, you would find mice as they are commonly used for experimental studies due to their genetic similarities to humans and their compatibility for genetic manipulation.

Flocculation is the process of agglomerating particles in suspension to form larger flocs, making them easier to separate from the liquid. Flotation is a separation technique where particles are attached to air bubbles and rise to the surface, allowing for their removal from a liquid medium.

the advantage of proteomics is that the real functional molecules of the cell are being studied. Strong gene expression, resulting in an abundant mRNA, does not necessarily mean that the corresponding protein is also abundant or indeed active in the cell.

RNAase is used in plasmid preparation to degrade RNA contaminants present in the sample. This helps to ensure that the isolated plasmid DNA is free from RNA, which can interfere with downstream applications such as PCR or cloning. RNAase treatment is an important step to obtain high-quality plasmid DNA.

Crossing over of chromosomes occurs during meiosis, specifically during prophase I. This process involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, leading to genetic variation among offspring.

If a person is lacking a gene that causes a disorder, for example diabetes, and a gene can be inserted into cells that require the gene, this would be gene therapy.

Parkinson's disease and X-linked SCID are two that are be researched.

To give a rough definition, biotechnology exploits organisms and their natural processes to allow us to create useful products. Fermentation is to do with the anaerobic respiration of pyruvate into ethanol. This is carried out by microorganisms. As we use the ethanol for alcoholic drinks (either for beer at about 4% alcohol, wine at 12% or if we distill the alcohol, for spirits at 40% abv), we have created a "useful" product; thus it's a biotechnological process.

There are estimated to be 26000 genes after completing the human genome project.

The helicase in a way unzipps the wound DNA. DNA Polymerase then matches the nucleotide bases with free floating one so that A matches with T (or in RNA U) and G matches with C. Creating two new strands of DNA and completing DNA replication.

In embryogenesis, the skeletal system is derived from the mesoderm germ layer. Chondrification (also known as chondrogenesis) is the process by which cartilage is formed from condensed mesenchyme tissue, which differentiates into chondrocytes and begins secreting the molecules that form the extracellular matrix.

naturally proteins are made by process called translation.. in translation the m-RNA produced by DNA is coded by ribosome and then a long polypeptide or chains of amino acid are formed which folds and forms proteins..!!!

One method to divide organisms into groups based on specific characteristics is through a process called classification. Organisms can be grouped based on similarities in physical characteristics, behavior, genetic makeup, or evolutionary history. Scientists use techniques such as morphological analysis, genetic sequencing, and phylogenetic comparisons to classify organisms into different groups or taxonomic categories.

Biotechnology refers to the use of biological systems, organisms, or derivatives to develop products or processes to benefit society. This can include areas such as genetic engineering, drug development, agriculture, and environmental conservation.

Technology refers to tools, machinery, and systems that are used to solve problems or accomplish tasks. Biotechnology, on the other hand, specifically involves the use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to develop products or applications that benefit society, such as pharmaceuticals, genetically modified organisms, or bioremediation. In essence, biotechnology is a specialized field within the broader category of technology.

PCR was thought to be conceived by Dr. Kerry Mullis in 1983 while working at the Cetus Corporation in Emeryville, CA. However, some pioneering work was also done by Gobind Khorana in 1971 who described a basic principle of replicating a piece of DNA using two primers.

If a plasmid is cut at more than one site by restriction enzymes, it would result in multiple DNA fragments. These fragments can be ligated back together in different combinations, resulting in plasmids with different sizes or configurations. This can lead to the creation of recombinant plasmids with altered properties compared to the original plasmid.

Biotechnology is the use of biological systems, organisms, or processes to develop products or technologies to improve human life or the environment. It involves the manipulation of living organisms at the molecular level to create new products or enhance existing ones.

Double-stranded DNA ensures that the actual genetic information, that is, the base pairs which give the genetic code and bound and protected in the center of the strand. It is less likely to react and can be opened up when needed, as in case of replication and transcription. Another huge advantage of double strand DNA is the ability of the cell to create a new segment of DNA in the case of DNA damage using the non-damaged strand.

The process that involves RNA polymerase is transcription. During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to a DNA template and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand based on the DNA sequence. This process is essential for gene expression and the production of proteins in cells.

a-t-g-g-a-g-c-g-t-t-g-a

A pairs with T and G pairs with C. It doesn't matter how long the strand is....it's so ******in' simple.

A-T bonds are stronger than G-C bonds. A-t rich regions of DNA are hard and don't code for many functioning genes.

G-C rich regions are where the active genes are found.

A-t Regions stain dark blue-black w/ Geimsa, Leishman's or wright's stain etc... G-C regions do not. That's how banding patterns are achieved and chromosomes can be more accurately identified.