Biotechnology

Centrioles are composed of nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a cylindrical structure. Each triplet consists of three microtubules, with one complete and two incomplete. The centrioles are typically found in pairs near the nucleus of animal cells and play a crucial role in cell division.

Blue eyes are a result of a genetic mutation that causes low melanin production in the iris, allowing light to scatter and reflect back a blue color. This trait is typically inherited in a recessive manner, meaning both parents must carry the gene for the child to have blue eyes.

She was close to solve the 3D structure of the DNA molecule, she had even got the X ray diffraction pattern that was helped solve the structure by Watson and Crick.

Some techniques that build on Southern blotting include Northern blotting for RNA detection, Western blotting for protein detection, and Southwestern blotting for DNA-binding proteins detection. These techniques are adaptations of Southern blotting and are used to detect specific molecules in biological samples.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the amino acids to the ribosomes according to the codons on the mRNA. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of the ribosomes where protein synthesis takes place.

The separation is caused by the electrical direct current applied to the gel. Those molecules charged negatively will tend to go to the anode (positive) and those negatively charged migrate to the cathode.

During prophase, the nuclear membrane breaks down, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell. This prepares the cell for cell division and the separation of genetic material.

If cloning is the only method used for reproduction, then all individuals in the population will have identical genetic material. This lack of genetic diversity could potentially make the population more vulnerable to disease or environmental changes. Additionally, evolution through natural selection would be limited as there is no source of genetic variation for traits to be selected upon.

The smallest bacteria on Earth are known as Mycoplasma genitalium, which have a diameter of about 200-300 nanometers. They are known for their lack of a cell wall, making them smaller than other typical bacteria.

Cold ethanol helps to precipitate DNA more efficiently compared to room temperature ethanol due to its lower solubility at colder temperatures. This helps to separate DNA from the solution, making it easier to isolate. Additionally, cold ethanol minimizes DNA degradation that could occur at higher temperatures.

Biochemical regulation refers to government regulation of the biochemical industry. This includes laws about the kinds of chemicals allowed, and about the handling and disposal of those chemicals.

Biodeterioration is the decaying of organic matter like wood,timber,sewage etc while biodegradation is the decaying of inorganic matter like herbicides , DDT , Insectisides etc with the help of microbes.....

Biodeterioration refers to the damaging effects of living organisms on materials or structures, such as wood rot caused by fungi. Biodegradation, on the other hand, involves the breakdown of organic substances by microorganisms, leading to their conversion into simpler compounds like water and carbon dioxide. In summary, biodeterioration causes harm, while biodegradation is a natural process that helps recycle organic matter.

I can provide guidelines for creating a sample question paper for CUSAT MSc Biotechnology entrance exam. You can include sections on molecular biology, cell biology, microbiology, genetics, biochemistry, and biotechnology applications. Questions can be multiple-choice, short answer, or descriptive, assessing the candidate's understanding of fundamental concepts in biotechnology. You may also consider including questions on current trends and recent developments in the field.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enables scientists to amplify small DNA samples into millions of copies, allowing for the detection of DNA sequences associated with specific genes or genetic conditions. PCR is a powerful tool in molecular biology that is used in a wide range of applications, such as genetic testing, diagnostics, forensics, and research.

Biotechnology is used in various industries such as agriculture, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and environmental protection. In agriculture, it is used for developing genetically modified crops. In medicine, it is used for producing vaccines, gene therapies, and diagnostic tests. In pharmaceuticals, biotechnology is used for drug development and production.

In DNA, the sequence of bases that would pair with GTACG would be CATGC. In RNA, the sequence of bases that would pair with GTACG would be CAUGC, because in RNA, uracil (U) replaces thymine (T).

There are different types of biosensors based on different principles. However, generally they are categorized as:

Optical biosensors

Potentiometric biosensors

Resonant Biosensors

Thermal-detection Biosensors

Ion-Sensitive Biosensors

Electrochemical Biosensors

Conductimetric

Amperometric

Potentiometric

Calorimetric biosensors

Phototropism - towards light. Think plants, flowers, leaves. They generally turn towards light.

Geotropism - towards the earth. Go figure.

Hydrotropism - towards water or towards moisture.

Biotechnology involves the use of biological systems or organisms to develop products or improve processes. Its purpose is to create new technologies, products, and therapies that can improve human health, agriculture, and the environment. This field encompasses areas such as genetic engineering, molecular biology, and bioinformatics.

Bacterial reproduction can be slowed by increasing or decreasing the pH, providing them nutrient deficient medium. In process of reproduction, they also require phosphorus and iron. If there is an increase in pH they won't be able to assimilate iron and phosphorus.

bioinformatics includes certain tools and software which are used at molecular level. for example for sequencing of DNA. in which an orf reader recognizes the open reading frame of the proteins trancribed and tranlated fron original DNA.

proteomics tools are basically used for protein structure determination and analysis.

proteomic tools includes, mass spectometry, NMR, terminater and traitor technology, quadrupole analyzer, MALDI-TOF.