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Blood Transfusions
A blood transfusion is when blood or blood-based products are transferred from one person to another. This is often done because of major blood loss from something such as an accident or childbirth, but sometimes because of a disease such as anemia or sickle-cell disease.
772 Questions
What is neutrophil in the blood?
Low level of neutrophils in the blood, also known as Neutropenia, can be caused by a range of disorders, from lowered production of the cells (aplastic anemia, cancer, poisonings) to increased destruction (autoimmune disorders, chemotherapy).
Why it is harder to replace lost blood in elderly patients?
Elderly people are more likely to have developed antibodies in their blood over time. When this happens, it is harder to match blood for them to receive and there is a much smaller donor pool for them, so blood that they could receive is not as readily available.
According to Canadian Blood Services, a unit of blood is approximately 450 ml. The amount of blood in one person is five litres or 10.5 pints. On average, 4.6 units of blood are required per patient.
What is a massive blood transfusion?
They give you an Injection to stop you getting ill then they put this big needle and it goes right through your arm.........and swallows the blood up!
2nd answer:
Perhaps at this point someone can post a real answer . . .
Think of the blood types as colors:
Type AB= Purple
Type A = Red
Type B = Blue
Type O = Clear
Type AB can receive A, B, or O... either one won't change the original 'color'
Type A can receive A or O
Type B can receive B or O
Type O can only receive O
You also have to take into consideration the RH factor (positive or negative)... Negatives can only receive negatives, but can donate to either positive or negative.
Why might a physician be reluctant to give a blood transfusion?
There are times when a physician will not transfuse a patient. This might be that the hub level is low, but not low enough to make the patient symptomatic. That is blood pressure is stable, spo2 is ok and patient will be feeling fine. Another reason for not giving a blood transfusion is when there is a high temperature.
The blood type that is can be given to anyone is blood type O-. A person that has the blood type O- is called a universal donor because O- is compatible (as long as they are not an alien!). People with negative blood types can only take negative blood types. People with positive blood types can take either positive or negative, so that is why only blood type O- is the universal blood type, not O+. :) ~Ctmusicgirl7PCH=AB
Why must blood be matched before blood tranfusion?
Mixing blood from two individuals can lead to blood clumping or agglutination. The clumped red cells can crack and cause toxic reactions. This can have fatal consequences. The differences in human blood are due to the presence or absence of certain protein molecules called antigens and antibodies. The transfusion will work if a person who is going to receive blood has a blood group that doesn't have any antibodies against the donor blood's antigens. But if a person who is going to receive blood has antibodies matching the donor blood's antigens, the red blood cells in the donated blood will clump.
Can you survive from a wrong blood type transfusion?
Matching a donor's blood and a patient's blood is critical in transfusions. If someone with type A blood receives type B, he may have a severe homiletic reaction. This can destroy many of his red cells and quickly kill him. While blood-typing and cross matching are now routine, errors do occur. Every year people die of homiletic reactions.
Matching a donor's blood and a patient's blood is critical in transfusions. If someone with type A blood receives type B, he may have a severe hemolytic reaction. This can destroy many of his red cells and quickly kill him. While blood-typing and cross matching are now routine, errors do occur. Every year people die of hemolytic reactions.
When are blood transfusions used?
If a patient has lost a lot of blood, the patient would probably need a transfusion of "whole blood", which includes red blood cells and plasma. However, sometimes the patient only needs an increase in volume of liquid in the bloodstream, in which case plasma alone can be submitted.
What infectious diseases can be acquired from a blood transfusion?
Before you donate blood, your blood is tested for sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS, HIV, Gonorrhea, Hepatitis, viral diseases such as influenza and bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, pneumonia.
Because antibodies that cause the reaction are not naturally occurring. One has to be exposed to Rh in order to make antibodies to it. Its the same process as the reaction to a vaccine. The vaccine exposes you to an antigen and your body learns how to react to it in order to protect you from it. If you are exposed to the Rh factor, your body learns how to react to it, and so the next time you're exposed, the reaction is greater.
The major blood groups are different. The antibodies occur naturally. A group O person typically has antibodies to blood from group A and group B donors. Whereas a group AB person doesn't have these antibodies.
Also, there are lesser known antigen/antibody groups that can cause trouble. That's what makes my job in the Blood Bank more interesting.
Why calcium gluconate is given after blood transfusion?
Donated blood is stored in a blood bag containing anticoagulant. Mostly, citrate is used as anticoagulant. Without that being mixed with donated blood, the blood will clot by itself within minutes and will be of no further use for transfusing in to a patient who needs blood. So adding citrate is a must. Now, the citrate binds with the calcium in the blood and thus depletes the concentration of free calcium in blood. So the recipient may suffer from complications resulting from low level of free calcium in blood. One or two bag is no problem, but if three or more bags of blood is given to a person in a row within a day, then body can not cope up with the rate of decline of free calcium. Therefore, extra calcium is to be given for that purpose. Any calcium salt would serve the purpose, but calcium gluconate has some additional advantages in this regard.
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What happens if type A blood was transfused into a person with type B blood?
It would actually be very harmful, and considering the already weakened state of someone who is in need of a transfusion, they could die. This is because his or her immune system would consider the Type B blood as an invader, and would try kill it. The Type B blood would also contain immune system cells, which would think that the Type A blood was invading it, so the Type B blood would kill the Type A blood cells. Thus, not only would the person not receive any benefit, but they would lose even more of their blood cells.
Can AB donor be transfuse into a type O recipient?
While type O blood is known as being the universal donor, it is not a universal recipient. Type O blood can be transfused into any other blood type, but someone with type O blood could only receive a transfusion of type O blood.
What are the differences in type A blood and type B blood?
A1 is a subgroup of A group which contains a lower amount of A antigen than A group and represents 80% of group A donors.
Why can type O blood be donated to anyone?
It contains neither A antigen nor B antigen. their blood can be given to individuals of any other blood group red cells do not carry either A or B antigen and hence they do not react with their corresponding antibodies.
Remember that an immune respond can only be trigger when the antigen is present in the blood.
In another word the blood originally have no any antibody but upon antigen contact it will trigger the immune respond thus antibody is produced and agglutination of blood occur. for rhesus factor there are memory cell so the antibody is still present.
That is why when an O blood group without any antigen and antibody (it have both antibody but it is not create yet as there is nothing to trigger its immune respond) can donate to AB group which has no antibody (which mean it will not be trigger by any blood group) but have both antigen (remember that all donated blood have no antibody as there is no immune respond to trigger it thus the AB blood with both antigen is fine; except rhesus factor if it have memory cell)
The following tests are performed before the blood transfusion.
1. Hepatitus B
2. Hepatitus C
3. HIV
4. Treponima pallaidum (Symphillus)
5. Malarial Parasite
6. Creutz feldt Jacob disease or Mad cow disease
Do you know a Jehovah's Witness who died after refusing a blood transfusion?
Yes. Unfortunately it does indeed happen that witnesses die after refusing a blood transfusion and I do know of one or two individuals for whom this has been the case.
The question however implies that the CAUSE of death was not receiving a blood transfusion and this is rarely (if ever) the case. I know of no witness that has died BECAUSE they did not receive a blood transfusion, they usually have died because of a serious injury or disease.
Transfusions in themselves do not "cure" or heal anyone but merely ensure the body's blood volume is sufficient so that further medical treatment can be administered. Since for most cases alternative non-plasma based treatments can be administered without the not insignificant risks of blood transfusions, where these alternatives are available, few witnesses die solely as a result of refusing blood transfusion.
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Yes. Only recently near where I live in the UK a pair of Jehovah's Witness parents watched their small child die for the need of blood. She had gone into the operating theatre for a routine procedure, but, because of unforseen complications, a lot of blood was lost in the operation. The replenishment of this blood would have meant that the operation not only would have been a success but she would have made a full and rapid recovery. As it was, her massive loss of blood caused heart failure and death after the operation, as the parents refused point blank a transfusion. Because of religious laws in the UK, neither the distraught, begging, doctors nor the social services, nor the police could do anything about it as the parents stood by and watched their little girl die. Whilst I can understand someone who believes in the JW propaganda regarding blood might make a decision about their own lives, I find it not only shocking but also callous that a similar decision could be made about their own child who would otherwise have had her whole life - her God-given life - ahead of her. As a Christian I regard all life as God-given and sacred, and therefore I believe we do not have the right as humans to terminate a life either for convenience (such as in abortion) as punishment (in the death sentence) or because of a mis-interpreted verse in the Old Testament that was superceded by Christ's teaching and Peter's vision in Acts anyway.
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From expert sources themselvesMany people assume that blood transfusions increase the possibility of survival, and that when someone dies without a transfusion, it must've been the lack of a transfusion that caused the death. Both assumptions are false according to medical studies. The facts are that, blood transfusion patients are more likely to die, many of which die as a result of complications from the transfusion itself.A New England Journal of Medicine report dated Feb 11,1999, was one of first to provide evidence of the potential dangers of blood transfusions. In it, 838 critically ill patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group underwent a restrictive transfusion strategy, and received red cell transfusions only when their hemoglobin level fell below 7.0 grams per deciliter; the other group underwent a liberal transfusion strategy and received transfusions if their level fell below 10.0 grams per deciliter. (Normal hemoglobin levels range from 12.0 to 17.0 grams per deciliter.) The restrictive group had a hospital mortality rate of 22% versus 28% in the liberal group. In other words, the group that receieved a more liberal transfusion procedure had a higher mortality rate. Web address: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/reprint/340/6/409.pdf
In 2004 The Journal of the American Medical association found that in a study of a group of heart attack patients, the ones who received a transfusion were three times more likely to die or suffer a second heart attack within 30 days compared to those who did not receive a transfusion. Web address: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/292/13/1555
In 2007, a study in the UK of 8,516 cardiac surgery patients found that those who had a red cell transfusion had an almost sixfold increase in the risk of dying within 30 days, and three times higher risk of dying within one year. Web address: http://pt.wkhealth.com/pt/re/circ/abstract.00003017-200711270-00009.htm;jsessionid=JSrhNHg1Q8GlKt2LBZsVz0n2TRW3LQzNPn2cxt4hLBGQFrl1LqF7!-2118404334!181195629!8091!-1
The medical community is becoming more and more aware of increased mortality rates among people who receive blood transfusions as opposed to those who do not.
Here are some some statements by surgeons and experts in the field:
* Dr. Peter Carmel, Chairman of Neurological Surgery, University Hospital, Newark, NJ, USA states:
'Rarely, if ever has a patient died because of a rufusal of blood.'
'What we are talking about here (blood transfusions) is going to soon be a moot point, because bloodless medicine and surgery will become in the next 5 to 10 years so widespread that it won't be novel anymore.'
' There are now available techniques in almost every sub-specialty of medical care and surgery that allow bloodless treatment, that we are getting away from blood transfusions in general.'
* Dr Aryeh Shander, Chief of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Englewood Hospital, New Jersey, USA states:
'To say that someone has died as a result of refusal of a blood transfusion is generally a misleading statement.'
' People die of some medical disease, trauma, or complications of the surgical procedure itself.'
* DR Mark Boyd, Professor and Director of Gynecology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Quebec, Canada sates:
'(saying that someone died becasue they did not receive blood) is an oversimplication of the tragic event.'
* Professor Roland Hetzer, Chief of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Institute, Berlin, Germany states:
'With the development of all these techniques (of bloodless surgery), there is nothing really specific about Jehovah's Witnesses anymore. We know that they do not want blood transfusions, and we have the technology to follow their wish.'
* Professor Francesco Metrcuriali, Director of Transfusion Services, Orthopedic Institute G.Pini, University of Milan, Italy states in speaking about the medical community's changing attitude toward transfusions:
'Blood transfusions, traditionally considered a normal ajoint to surgery, presently is considered something that has to be avoided.'
* Dr Hooshang Bolooki, Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Florida, USA states:
' I have done surgery on over 200 Jehovah's Witness patients, and never lost a patient because I could not give blood.'
' As a heart surgeon, I should love blood, but I don't. I am very proud when one of my patients comes out of the operating room and has not received any transfusion.'
* Dr Stephen Cohn, Professor and Chief Medicall Director of Trauma, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Florida, USA states:
' The fact that we couldn't use blood on Jehovah's Witnesses, we have learned now that we didn't have to use blood in many, many different other situations. It has actually propelled us in the right direction.'
' The belief that you don't want a blood transfusion should be a tiny part of the whole medical care environment, that it should be acknowledged, put over to the side, ok, now here is the other 99% of your care.'
More and more hospitals are making bloodless surgery their preferred method for all patients. At present, there are some 100,000 doctors and surgeons worldwide that are making bloodless surgery available to everyone, not just Jehovah's Witnesses.
* Dr Linda Stehling, former Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, State University of New York, USA states regarding bloodless medicine:
'It should be the standard available to all patients.'
* Professor Charles H Baron, Professor of Law, Boston College Law School, Massachusetts, USA states:
' What I have seen, from my own experience, is that they (Jehovah's Witnesses) have turned the medical community around to the point that the gold standard of treatment frequently now is to treat people without the use of blood.'
Personal Experience
I DID know one Jehovah's Witness who died after refusing a blood transfusion.
It's not what you think.
The court got involved and although she explained her personal convictions emphatically, a blood transfusion was administered against her will.
It hurts my heart to remember how she cried when they told her how the court had ruled.
She died the day after the transfusion.
Which animal's blood did Jean-Baptiste Denys use in the first transfusion to a human in 1667?
A small amount of the blood of a lamb was transfused into a 15 year old boy who recovered.
What is the use of blood transfusion?
Blood transfusion replenishes the deficiency of blood in the victim in case of accidents or some diseases that lead to excessive loss of blood from the body that can be fatal to the life of the patients. thus it acts as a life saver BUT it is very important to check compatibility of the blood groups as well as for infections in the blood of the donor and the recipient before opting for a blood transfusion or else the ritual will do just the opposite of saving life by probably taking the life of the recipient.
Is it safe to travel after blood transfusion?
It is safe to fly on the same day as having a blood transfusion but the stress of the flight could be hazardous. It is best to avoid flying for a few days at least.
How much hemoglobin increases after 1 unit of whole blood transfusion?
The mean Hgb increment closely approximated 1 g/dL. There was a wide variation among the patients, females experienced a greater Hgb increase than males. Allogeneic units increased Hgb more than autologous units.
-Laso-
What are the Advantages and disadvantages of blood doping?
Advantages: longer endurance in physical activity due to more oxygenated blood being put into your blood stream... (the more oxygen in your blood the longer your muscles will work for)
Disadvantages: risk of any diseases passed through blood and low blood flow leading to possible heart failure
