0
Bridges and Tunnels
A bridge is a link between two places, such as over a river, a road or a depression, that caters to pedestrians and/or vehicles. A tunnel is an underground link between two places, often underneath a riverbed, for pedestrians and/or vehicles.
4,393 Questions
Where is the highest bridge in Europe?
The Vasco da Gama Bridge in Portugal is the longest bridge in Europe (including viaducts) and 9th longest in the world. It has a total length of 17.2 km (10.7 miles), including 0.829 km (0.5 miles) for the main bridge, 11.5 km (7.1 miles) in viaducts, and 4.8 km (3.0 mi) in dedicated access roads. It is a cable-stayed bridge flanked by viaducts and roads that spans the Tagus River near Lisbon. Its purpose was to alleviate the congestion on Lisbon's other bridge (25 de Abril Bridge) and to join the previously unconnected motorways radiating from the Portuguese capital. The bridge was opened to traffic on March 29 1998, 18 months after construction began and just in time for Expo 98. The Øresund or Öresund Bridge is the longest combined road and rail bridge in Europe. It is a combined two-track rail and four-lane road bridge-tunnel across the Öresund strait and connects the Danish capital of Copenhagen and the Swedish city of Malmö. The international European route E20 runs across the bridge and through the tunnel via the two lane motorway, as does the Öresund Railway Line. Construction began in 1995. The last section was constructed on 14 August 1999. The official inauguration took place on 1 July 2000, with the bridge opening for traffic later that day.
What year was the harbor bridge built?
On Saturday 19 March 1932, a large crowd gathered around Sydney's Harbour Bridge for the official opening ceremony.
What unique characteristics do beam bridges have?
Beam bridges are the most simple form of bridge construction.
They are essentially designed as simply supported beams. This is the equivalent of a ruler supported on a series of Lego bricks. the connection between the ruler and the Lego brick does not prevent the movement of the ruler what-so ever and as a result the only effect on the lego brick is the vertical force of the loads placed upon the bridge.
This is a very simple and efficient way to design a bridge for short and medium spans.
For modest spans, the bridge is normally held in position at one end and the other end is allowed to slide freely over the abutments.
What sank under the peace bridge?
There is a structure under Peace Bridge that looks like a sunken boat. It is however the original water intake system that is no longer in use, but still functional.
Why is iron used in building bridges?
Because steel is stronger than wood.
But I'm not sure steel is stronger than metal, but steel is a metal and a pretty tough one.
What is the purpose of a bridge?
Expansion joints. This allows the bridge to shift or the materials to expand and contract in the bridge. This means that if it gets heated up it expands so it needs a gap so it can move and not break the road!
When was the Forth Railway Bridge built?
Sir John Fowler built it along with his friend Benjamin Baker.
The Forth Rail Bridge was
- the biggest manmade construction of its time - it was the largest civil engineering structure of the nineteenth century.
- the largest span bridge in the world
- also the first bridge to be constructed purely of steel . In fact in using steel produced by the Siemens open-hearth process, it established mild steel as a reliable structural material
- The bridge took seven years to build, cost £3.2 million (counting £250,000 for the abortive construction work on the earlier bridge designed by ) and used in excess of 50,000 tons of steel and 6.5 million rivets
- Fifty eight people died, one hundred and six received serious injuries and five hundred and eighteen other accidents occurred over the seven years construction lasted.
- A total of 5000 workers were employed in its construction
- In 1907 29,675 passenger trains crossed the bridge with a gross weight of 14,674,750 tons. This usage contrasts with the present day - when during 2000 the bridge carried 54,080 passenger and 6,240 freight trains with a gross weight of 10,500,000 tons.
- The Bridge replaced the Granton - Burntisland ferry - many of the passengers that were killed in the Tay Bridge disaster had used the ferry to cross over the Firth of Forth
What advantages and disadvantages of an suspension bridge?
An advantage to covered bridges is that they shield traffic from the elements (rain, snow, high winds, ect.). One semi-common disadvantage is that covered bridges tend to burn more easily than other types of bridges.
How does a truss bridge support a load?
Imagine two 900 triangles back to back with their bases horizontal making a straight line.
The bases are half of the bridge; one of the two sides is supporting the weight of the bridge the other is anchored to a solid point. The weight of the bridge is pulling the apexes of the two back to back triangles downwards; these two vertical sides of the triangles are the supporting column at one end of the bridge. Now imagine a mirror image of what I have described and you will see a suspension bridge.
What helps bridges support weight?
weight is misunderstood by some people. weight is defined as; mass x gravity, but, mass is not weight, and gravity is an accelerating force which pulls every mass towards the earth surface, which if there were no normal reaction force from the ground, each person standing on it would sink into it. Bridges react to the accelerating forces imposed upon them, so if a car was parked on a bridge, a reaction force would be set up from the bridge to counteract the accelerating force from the car on the road surface. Weight is really a balance of energy, therefore; mgh = KEV^2. If you pick up a shopping bag with lots of food stuff in, you say it is heavy, but what it is really, is energy, your energy mgh, against KEV^2, when the energy in the bag is greater than your energy, like picking up a concrete block, then you will not have sufficienct energy to pick it up? The bridge works in the same way, the energy the bridge has is significantly greater than any mass allowed to pass over it, or park on it.
Why did the I-35 W bridge in Minneapolis collapse?
the i-35W bridge collapsed because there was to much structural stress on the bridge at the time, when the bridge collapsed it was rush hour time so there was to much weight on the bridge.
^^^NO! the bridge collapsed because the design was flawed. the gusset plate that failed was too thin for the loading. this was the engineers error, hence the lawsuit.
What is structured analysis all about?
Structured analysis is a set of techniques and graphical tools used by the analyst for applying a systematic approach to systems analysis. The traditional approach focuses on cost/benefit and feasibility analyses, project management, hardware and software selection, and personnel considerations. In contrast, structured analysis uses graphical tools such as Data Flow diagram, data dictionary, structured English, Decision tree, and decision tables. The outcome of structured analysis is a new document, called system specifications, which provides the basis for design and implementation. The primary steps included in structured analysis are: 1. Study affected user areas, resulting in a physical DFD. The logical equivalent of the present system results in a logical DFD. 2. Remove the physical checkpoints and replace them with a logical equivalent, resulting in the logical DFD. 3. Model new logical system 4. Establish man/machine interface 5. Quantify costs and benefits and select hardware. The structured specification consists of the DFDs that show the major decomposition of system functions and their interfaces, the data dictionary documenting all interface flows and data stores on the DFDs, and documentation of the intervals of DFDs through structured English, decision trees, and decision tables.
What type of bridge is Bridge of Sighs?
the bridge of sighs is an arch bridge and a pedestrian bridge. it is an arch bridge because of its arch shape. its a pedestrian bridge (or foot bridge) because only pedestrians are allowed to travel on it, no cars.
The Verrazano-Narrows bridge connects Brooklyn and Staten Island and is named for Giovanni da Verrazzano. The bridge is constructed from concrete pilings, steel wire cables, iron eyebars, steel girders, and steel towers.
What are the components of bridges?
chords (top and bottom)
verticals (also called vertical members)
diagonals (also called diagonal members)
floor beams
deck
pinned support (also called a fixed bearing)
roller support (also called an expansion bearing)
abutments (or piers)
Is a suspension bridge better than a cable stayed bridge?
NO
cable stayed bridge is more preferred because if one rope is broken in it then tension is distributed in all other and we get time to repair it that means no sudden failure in it where as in suspension bridge if main cable is cut than it will be destroyed immediately.
regards
mukul
mukul_ce@student.iitd.ac.in
How do beam bridges support weight or load on them?
Instead of pushing straight down, the load of an arch bridge is carried outward along the curve of the arch to the supports at each end. The weight is transferred to the supports at either end.
How much did the Bridge Street Bridge cost to build?
Structural steel in today's market is approximately $0.50 per pound not including fabrication costs. After you finalize your design you should add up the weight of each piece and multiply that number by $0.50 to get material costs. You will have to include extra material for scrap because your cut lengths may match lengths available in the market. Fabrication costs will add to the final total price in the range of 50%-100% of the material costs.
What are the materials needed to make a beam bridge?
Beam bridges are the most simple of structural forms being supported by an abutment at each end of the bridge deck. No moments are transferred throughout the support hence their structural type is known as simply supported.
The simplest beam bridge could be a slab of stone, or a plank of wood laid across a stream. Bridges designed for modern infrastructure will usually be constructed of steel or reinforced concrete, or a combination of both. The concrete used can either be reinforced, prestressed or post-tensioned.
Types of construction could include having many beams side by side with a deck across the top of them, to a main beam either side supporting a deck between them. The main beams could be I-beams, trusses, or box girders. They could be half-through, or braced across the top to create a through bridge. A footbridge using beams over a stream in Dordogne, France
Because no moments are transferred, thrust, as from an arch bridge, cannot be accommodated, so leading to innovative designs, such as lenticular trusses & bow string arches, which contain the horizontal forces within the superstructure.
Beam bridges are not limited to a single span. Some viaducts such as the Feiyunjiang Bridge in China have multiple simply supported spans supported by piers. This is opposed to viaducts using continuous spans over the piers.
Beam bridges are often only used for relatively short distances because, unlike truss bridges, they have no built in supports. The only supports are provided by piers.
How did the tacoma narrow bridge fail and break into pieces?
The original Tacoma Narrows Bridge that was opened in 1940 collapsed due to heavy winds. The roadway twisted and vibrated violently under 40-mile-per-hour (64 km/h) winds on the day of the collapse.
Why is symmetry important in truss structures?
Stresses will be distributed equally among members if there is symmetry. It will be easier to calculate it will be easier to manufacture...
How do you make a strong truss bridge?
you take wood,glue(wood glue), news paper, the set it up as you want it then glue
