C Programming

A pointer is a programming tool that allows a value to be referenced. All data is allocated in memory and has a certain address attached to them. When you use a pointer, you are taking a value from an address called the reference. The original data is called the reference, and taking that value using a pointer is called dereferencing.

Example using Objective-C:

int anInt = 42; (anInt is stored in memory with the value of 42)

int *anIntPointer; (this is new datatype that wants to point to a certain address)

*anIntPointer = &anInt; (you are taking the pointer and dereferencing it to anInt. anytime you have a pointer [in this case denoted with an asterisk "*"], the reference will be noted with an ampersand "&")

Now there are also pointers to objects and structs that use an entirely different method, but same idea, the pointer grabs a referenced data value. This is especially valuable for referencing structures without having to reference every single member variable.

A static function in class scope (within a class) can access only static class members (for all instances of the class).  A static function in file scope (not within a class) is visible only to code within that compilation unit, i.e. it cannot be linked from file to file.

An interpreter is a computer program that translates a high-level computer program into machine code while it is executing. As a result of this runtime interpretation, an interpreted program executes more slowly and consumes more resources than an equivalent standalone machine code executable would. To create standalone machine executables from high-level language sources you require a compiler and linker. Alternatively, you can write the program in low-level assembly language and use an assembler to create the executable, however high-level languages are easier to work with and can more easily produce executable code that is as efficient if not more efficient than is possible with low-level assembly language.

Sub:- C programming class:- f.y.b.sc(cs) name:-sintu mehta Union:- all member of the union share is storage in the computer memory 2. Only one member can be active at a time 3. Only first union variable can be initialized 4. Conservation the memoy

Create the header file as a .h file in the same way you create a source file, .c and place it in the same directory as the .c files. To incorporate it, use the...

#include "my_header_file.h"

... directive. Note that there are double quotes instead of greater/less signs. This tells the compiler to look first in the source directory.

Overloading, Overriding, Polymorphism, Information Hiding, Inheritance all these are CONCEPTS of C++ and Java. An Object Oriented Language and not of C language. Thats why Bjarne Stroustrup came up with C++ ...

No. But in large programs it helps to split the code into logically organised modules (translation units). In order to ensure declarations remain consistent across all translation units, headers must be used.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

main()

{

int st[10],bt[10],wt[10],tat[10],n,tq;

int i,count=0,swt=0,stat=0,temp,sq=0;

float awt=0.0,atat=0.0;

clrscr();

printf("Enter number of processes:");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("Enter burst time for sequences:");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

{

scanf("%d",&bt[i]);

st[i]=bt[i];

}

printf("Enter time quantum:");

scanf("%d",&tq);

while(1)

{

for(i=0,count=0;i<n;i++)

{

temp=tq;

if(st[i]==0)

{

count++;

continue;

}

if(st[i]>tq)

st[i]=st[i]-tq;

else

if(st[i]>=0)

{

temp=st[i];

st[i]=0;

}

sq=sq+temp;

tat[i]=sq;

}

if(n==count)

break;

}

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

{

wt[i]=tat[i]-bt[i];

swt=swt+wt[i];

stat=stat+tat[i];

}

awt=(float)swt/n;

atat=(float)stat/n;

printf("Process_no Burst time Wait time Turn around time

");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

printf("%d %d %d %d

",i+1,bt[i],wt[i],tat[i]);

printf("Avg wait time is %f

Avg turn around time is %f",awt,atat);

getch();

}

No. But programs compiled with Borland compilers might be able, platform-dependent.

main()

{

int i,n,p,v;

printf("enter the number of terms");

scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=2;i<=n;i++)

{

for(j=1;j<i;j++)

{

if(i%j==0)

v=v+1;

else

p=p+1;

}

}

printf("%d is a prime",i);

}

check this out

Not in C++, unless you have an interpreter. Most C++ development systems, however, are based on the compiler idiom, so, the answer is no.

However, Java is very close to C++, except for the platform and libraries, so one might consider Java to be an interpreter, however, you still must "compile" Java to byte code, so the answer is still no.

A pointer identifies the location of some data in memory, similarly to an envelope with a street address on it. An array is several values of the same type, stored next to each other in memory. A useful consequence is that all of an array's elements may be found by simply counting up from the address of the first element.

Note that, when an array value is made available outside of its original scope, it decays to a pointer to its first element. So, for example, sizeof returns a different size for an array depending on which scope you call it in. In the array's original scope, it returns the number of elements in the array; in any other scope it returns the number of bytes used to store the pointer.

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

int num[]={1,2,3,4,5,6};

int i,temp;

for(i=0;i<=5;i=i+2)

{

temp=num[i];

num[i]=num[i+1];

num[i+1]=temp;

}

for(i=0;i<=5;i=i+2)

printf(''%d",num[i]);

return 0;

}

The Break statement should generally get executed in some loop or switch statement.

The below code will give compiler error.

void main()

{

printf("12");

break;

printf("14");

}

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>

main (int argc,char **argv)

{

char *a,*b,c;

int t,e;

if (argc<2) return(0);

a=argv[1];

b=a;

e=strlen(b);

for (t=0;t<=e;t++)

{

c = *b;

if (c>='A'&&c<='Z') c -= 'A'-'a';

if (c=='a'c=='e'c=='i'c=='o'c=='u') b++;

else *a++ = *b++;

}

printf ("%s\n",argv[1]);

return(0);

}

A flowchart for factorial of number can be made using different software's. Microsoft Word is the most popular software for beginners to make simple flowcharts.
In order to draw the flowchart write the number at the top of the paper and then draw two lines under it going slightly to the sides. Decide what two numbers can be multiplied to equal that number. Keep going until you can no longer get to smaller numbers.

#include <stdio.h>

int main (int argc, char **argv) {

int i, j, prime;

for (i=51; i<=99; i+=2) {

prime=1;

for (j=3; j<=i-2; j+=2) {

if (i%j == 0) {

prime=0;

break;

}

}

if (prime) printf ("%d ", i);

}

printf ("\n");

return 0;

}

The standard library provides a complex number type that encapsulates both the real and imaginary parts of a complex number. All arithmetic operators are overloaded to cater for the complex type:

#include<iostream>

#include<complex>

int main()

{

std::complex<double> c {3.14, 4.2}, d {2.1, -1.2};

std::cout << c + d << std::endl;

}

Abstraction, encapsulation and polymorphismare the three fundamental features of an object oriented programming language.

Yes, you can use for-loop in a C program compiled by Turbo C.

#include <iostream>

int main()

{

// Declare and initialise an array with two elements.

int A[2]={1,2};

// Output the array values:

std::cout<<"Before swap:\t"<<"A[0]="<<A[0]<<", A[1]="<<A[1]<<std::endl;

// Swap the array values.

A[0]^=A[1]^=A[0]^=A[1];

// Output the array values:

std::cout<<"After swap:\t"<<"A[0]="<<A[0]<<", A[1]="<<A[1]<<std::endl;

return(0);

}

Output:

Before swap: A[0]=1, A[1]=2

After swap: A[0]=2, A[1]=1