Challenger and Columbia Disasters

The space shuttle is protected from burning up during re-entry by its heat shield, made of materials that can withstand the intense heat generated by friction with the Earth's atmosphere. This heat shield dissipates the heat away from the shuttle, allowing it to safely re-enter the Earth's atmosphere without burning up.

The Space Shuttle Challenger exploded over the Atlantic Ocean on January 28, 1986. All seven astronauts aboard the shuttle were killed.

The Challenger disaster on January 28, 1986, had a profound impact on space travel history as it led to a 32-month hiatus in the Space Shuttle program. The accident prompted significant changes in NASA's safety protocols, organizational culture, and communication practices to prevent similar incidents from occurring in the future. It also raised awareness about the risks and challenges associated with human spaceflight.

They were found in the crew cabin on the Atlantic Ocean floor off the coast of Florida.

During the launch of Columbia, foam from the external fuel tank had hit the orbiter's underside. Unknown to anyone at the time, it had punctured a hole in one of the insulating tiles on the wing. Although it was known that foam had hit Colombia, it was deemed to not have been sufficient to cause serious damage.

As the orbiter with its crew of seven were re-entering the atmosphere, the heat generated by the re-entry caused warping of the orbiter's wing frame which affected the stability of the shuttle. Eventually all control was lost and forces pulled the orbiter apart above Texas. Commander Rick Husband and Pilot Willie McCool bravely fought to control the shuttle manually in the seconds before all were killed. Much of the orbiter was recovered in pieces on the ground and provided useful information in determining the cause.

Yes, the remains of all seven astronauts aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia were found following the tragic disintegration of the shuttle upon re-entry into Earth's atmosphere on February 1, 2003. The investigation recovered personal effects and human remains which were returned to their families for burial.

There were seven astronauts on the Columbia. They were Rick D. Husband, William C. McCool, Michael P. Anderson, Ilan Ramon, Kalpana Chawla, David M. Brown and Laurel Clark.

The Canadarm is a robotic arm used on the space shuttles to manipulate payloads and assist astronauts during space missions. It can be used to deploy and retrieve satellites, capture spacecraft, or perform maintenance tasks outside of the space shuttle.

The star clock was invented to track the movement of stars and other celestial bodies across the night sky, allowing people to tell the time at night before the invention of mechanical clocks. It was used by ancient civilizations for navigation, astrology, and timekeeping.

The cost of an O-ring for the space shuttle Challenger would have been relatively inexpensive, likely in the range of a few dollars to produce. However, the failure of the O-ring led to the catastrophic Challenger explosion and subsequent loss of seven crew members. The true cost of not ensuring the safety and reliability of the O-rings was immeasurable in terms of human life and impact on the space program.

During the launch of Columbia sixteen days before the disaster, a 2 1/2 pound and 20 inch piece of foam from the external fuel tank fell and hit the orbiter on the leading edge of the left wing. It caused a hole in the carbon-carbon protective tiles designed to prevent re-entry heat damaging the shuttle. Falling foam is not an unusual occurrence during launches. However, this piece was larger and struck the orbiter exactly at one of the critical points which heat the most during entry interface with the atmosphere. There was concern at the time from video footage of the launch that the orbiter had been struck, but Commander Rick Husband was assured by officials that it posed no danger.

There have been over 100 space flights since the Challenger tragedy in 1986, including missions to the International Space Station, commercial flights, and scientific research missions. These missions have marked significant advancements in space exploration and technology.

Many improvements were made before the space shuttle fleet were allowed to return to flight. Among them were the following:

* shuttles no longer carried commercial payloads.

* the schedule was reduced to allow more time between launches.

* the solid rocket boosters were redesigned.

* establishment of the Office of Safety, Reliability, and Quality Assurance (this was deemed to have not been entirely successful in its long-term effects in the light of the Columbia disaster).

Enterprise, Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, Endeavor

During the launch of Columbia, foam from the external fuel tank had hit the orbiter's underside. Unknown to anyone at the time, it had punctured a hole in one of the insulating tiles on the wing. Although it was known that foam had hit Colombia, it was deemed to not have been sufficient to cause serious damage.

As the orbiter with its crew of seven were re-entering the atmosphere, the heat generated by the re-entry caused warping of the orbiter's wing frame which affected the stability of the shuttle. Eventually all control was lost and forces pulled the orbiter apart above Texas. Commander Rick Husband bravely fought to control the shuttle manually in the seconds before all were killed.

Firstly, the space shuttle does not not go to the moon. It remains in low-earth orbit. Also, it does not land in the ocean but makes an unpowered landing on a runway. The capsule of Challenger did sink after it fell into the ocean during its launch accident in 1986. The solid rocket boosters that fall from the shuttle during launch do float and are recovered.

The Apollo command modules that did travel to the moon during the Apollo moon missions landed in the ocean and did float. Also, frogmen attached a flotation collar when they reached the capsule.

The Space Shuttle never goes in the ocean. It lands at Kennedy Space Center in Florida or Edwards Air Force Base in California<br>The Space Shuttle has never been to the Moon.

that would be the Columbia it was the oldest in the fleet with a total of 28 missions under its belt

The Columbia space shuttle was one of NASA's orbiter vehicles, part of the Space Shuttle program. It first launched in 1981 and tragically disintegrated upon re-entry in 2003, resulting in the loss of all seven crew members.

The breakup of the space shuttle Challenger was the first space shuttle disaster. It was caused by the failure of two O- rings in one of the solid rocket boosters (SRB's) to properly seal. There had been problems with the seal on other missions, but it is thought that the decision to launch in near-freezing temperatures contributed to the failure, making the seal rigid and unable to seal properly. This led to a catastrophic chain of events. Hot gases escaped from the SRB, followed by a flame, damaging the clamp securing the SRB, and burning through the external fuel tank causing the tank to disintegrate. The forces created caused the orbiter to disintegrate (it did not explode) before the debris crashed into the ocean.

The Challenger Space Shuttle exploded 73 seconds after launch on January 28, 1986, killing all seven crew members on board. The Columbia Space Shuttle disintegrated upon re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere on February 1, 2003, killing all seven crew members on board.

The space shuttle allowed for the deployment and servicing of satellites, construction and maintenance of the International Space Station, and the transportation of astronauts and supplies to space. It also facilitated scientific research in microgravity and helped advance our understanding of space travel and technology.

There was no US space shuttle by that name.

Possibly you are thinking of the Apollo 13 flight, which did not crash, but experienced an explosion on board. The command module was called Odyssey, and successfully returned to earth with the crew.

The name of the first space shuttle that was run through free flight simulation was Enterprise, but the first space shuttle to actually reach orbit was Columbia in 1981.

Most indications point to death by the violent impact caused by the crash of the crew compartment into the ocean at around 200g's. More than likely, as well as mercifully, they were unconscious at the time due to the disconnection of their life-support equipment. However it occurred, it was a total tragedy with all seven brave astronauts killed.