Civil Engineering

1.59 kg/m

Try this link for Bar bending schedule prepation softwares

http://www.rgsrebar.com

Extreme Steel bar is known as re-bar ( Reinforcing Bar), with two longitudinal and transverse ribs on the diameter of Bar.

USA Today published the following pdf file that shows the frost line of all areas of the USA.

http://www.soundfootings.com/pdf/US_Map_Frost_DepthAVG.pdf This shows that the great city of Buffalo, New York has a frost depth of 35 inches. I have heard of depths up to 48 inches for Buffalo. South Buffalo is always a bit warmer and friendlier.

A fixed beam is a beam the ends of which are constrained or built-in to remain in horizontal position.

Point to be noted for the fixed beam:

1. The beam is stiffer, stronger and more stable.

2. The slope at both the ends is zero.

3. Due to the fixidity, the moment will be induced at each end.

4. The induced moments will be in the opposite direction to that of moments due to external loading.

basically the scientific fact that heat rises and cold temperatures sink. A convection loop happens in air and water.

Rolling Margin is the deviation of actual unit weight to that of Standard unit weight as per IS Standards.

Rolling Margin is calculated as :

Sectional weight = Weight of Steel Bars dia wise / length of the bars.

As per IS Standards unit weight of the Bars is calculated as dia x dia / 162

Rolling Margin is deviation of actual sectional weight to that of IS Standard unit weight.

Standard Rolling Margin for different dia reinforcement bars used for construction purposes:

8mm to 10mm +- 7%

12mm to 16mm +- 5%

20mm & Above +- 3%

YES

600mm^2

• The abnormal load on the earth dam is the water pressure on the upstream side.
• Loads acting on dams are hydrostatic pressure, self weight, seismic loads.
  

If the raft foundation is subject to a uniform load (Water & oil Tanks ..etc) u may not be required to reinforce the floor, only a plain concrete or even well compacted earth is sufficient provided it 'll transfere the load safely i.e giving a pressure less than the allowable bearing capacity of the underlying soil.

Only peripheral or ring beams of reinforced concrete is required under the tank walls.

If the raft is supporting colmns/walls, then it's subject to knife loads & got to be reinforced.

The big door provided in the dam for the water discharge is called sluice gate

To become a vehicle mechanic normally you have to study for a minimum of two years at college, the course is normally called vehicle maintenance and repair. These courses are usually specifically light vehicle (cars motorbike and small vans) or HGV (heavy goods vehicle) (big lorries, buses and coaches). if your looking to start a light vehicle course and are interested in motorbikes you might benefit from checking before committing yourself to the course as many light vehicle courses don't include it, it is available on its own and not as widely available as normal LV courses. Also be aware if you do decide to apply for the course there is classroom work and its not all practical work though it does not usually have homework.

Let say you have a beam leaning on 4 rocks

= are beam

0 are rocks

. is the air

# are crate of peanut butter

This is a system with a continuous beam. The peanut butter crate will make the beam bends downwards between rocks 1 and 2 and the beam between rocks 2 and 3 will bend upwards because of the continuity

.............#..........................................................

======================================..==========..==========

000.................000..................000................000

zone as is made by Nature, and by Man. Nature uses ozone gas to protect Earth's surface from UV-B radiation (which damages DNA). Nature also uses ozone to moderate day / night temperature swings, and to couple nitrogen and oxygen temperatures to radiate away some of their heat (they cannot radiate in infrared, but ozone can). Nature makes ozone to fight infection / predation in organisms. Finally, Nature makes ozone with lightning and waterfalls, which helps purify the air. Man makes ozone for water treatment, chemical processes, medical and dental treatments, for purification of confined spaces (both air and food-prep / surgical surfaces), and directly and indirectly from exhaust products. Ozone made at Earth's surface does not survive to "reinforce the ozone layer".

1:2:4

Concrete pavement always develops cracks. Unless expensive additives are included, the pavement block will shrink slightly during curing - and soon crack. Pavement expands when heated and contracts as it cools so, even when reinforced with steel mesh, a sufficiently long block of pavement will eventually contract enough to crack, or expand enough to buckle (explode up).

The solution is to intentionally make cracks exactly where intended, at expansion and contraction joints, and design them not to leak, nor shear vertically, nor fill up with grit.

There are far more contraction joints than expansion joints in highway pavement. The expansion joints are made with a gap all the way through the concrete. The contraction joint has no gap at first, but is designed with a deep slot and shallow groove to invite a crack. With proper construction techniques and frequent contraction joints, the pavement will not develop troublesome stray cracks.

Both types of joints are reinforced with a sturdy set of parallel steel rods spanning the joint. The pavement blocks are kept in alignment with the rods, yet can slide along them. The rods are coated with epoxy for rust-proofing. The epoxy is coated with an oil-soap film so the rods can slide in the concrete.

Every joint is sealed closed just below the surface with an elastic glue, or springy structure. The seals job is to keep out water, road salt, and grit.

Invert Level and Invert Elevation are one in the same. Invert Level = Invert Elevation (IE).

3.85 Kg/m

Dimension = The extreme width of a ship
Structure = A transverse horizontal member supporting a deck on a ship.

Concrete reinforcement mesh is not called BRC. BRC is the name of a company that supplies reinforcement and it may be that the buyer has specified that it is supplied by BRC.

the purpose of strength reduction factor is used to take into account the uncertainties of material strength, inaccuracies in the design equations, approximations in analysis, possible variations in dimension's of the concrete section and placement of reinforced, the importance of member of structure of which they are part, an so on. Column is designed stronger than beam it means during strong earthquake column member remain elastic so it can provide stability and strength of the stories above.

to prevent the beam from failing immediately when a crack occurs. If the ultimate resisting moment is less than the crcking moment the beam wold fail, but by putting a minimum percentage of steel i the concrete this can be avoided.

tyt