Civil Engineering

THE DIAMETER OF THE OUTSIDE OF THE PIPE TIMES PI TIMES THE LENGTH OF THE PIPE or D x Pi x L = A

An advantage to covered bridges is that they shield traffic from the elements (rain, snow, high winds, ect.). One semi-common disadvantage is that covered bridges tend to burn more easily than other types of bridges.

ben Franklin

Imagine two 900 triangles back to back with their bases horizontal making a straight line.

The bases are half of the bridge; one of the two sides is supporting the weight of the bridge the other is anchored to a solid point. The weight of the bridge is pulling the apexes of the two back to back triangles downwards; these two vertical sides of the triangles are the supporting column at one end of the bridge. Now imagine a mirror image of what I have described and you will see a suspension bridge.

In construction terms, eaves are the edges of the roof that form an overhang. They are often fitted with gutters to allow for drainage.

weight is misunderstood by some people. weight is defined as; mass x gravity, but, mass is not weight, and gravity is an accelerating force which pulls every mass towards the earth surface, which if there were no normal reaction force from the ground, each person standing on it would sink into it. Bridges react to the accelerating forces imposed upon them, so if a car was parked on a bridge, a reaction force would be set up from the bridge to counteract the accelerating force from the car on the road surface. Weight is really a balance of energy, therefore; mgh = KEV^2. If you pick up a shopping bag with lots of food stuff in, you say it is heavy, but what it is really, is energy, your energy mgh, against KEV^2, when the energy in the bag is greater than your energy, like picking up a concrete block, then you will not have sufficienct energy to pick it up? The bridge works in the same way, the energy the bridge has is significantly greater than any mass allowed to pass over it, or park on it.

you would have to measure the rock because all rocks have different densities. it depends on the rock's properties of matter. that will determine what the rock's density is.

Compressive strength measures the largest compression force the material can withstand before it loses its shape or fails.

The compressive strength of 7 days shall be about 70% of the 28-days compressive strength.

If your compressive strength at 28-days is 25 MPa, then the 7-days compressive strength expected to be (0.70X25MPa)=17.5 MPa

Regards,

Sami

barometric pressure.

A cantilever bridge could be said to be a variation on the basic beam bridge. The roadway of the bridge is held in place by cantilevers, which are long structures, or arms, projecting out into the water, but which are anchored on only one end. A diving board is a good example of a cantilever: although anchored on only one end, it can support a lot of weight.

In a cantilever bridge, there are the outer beams, the cantilevers, and the central beam. The outer beams are attached firmly to shore, while the cantilevers are then attached to these outer beams. The cantilevers projecting out from the outer beams, or supporting piers on the opposite shores, are then joined by a central beam.

The Forth Railway Bridge in Scotland and the Quebec Bridge in Canada are both famous examples of cantilever bridges.

A simple way is to use the specification of the beam, most beams will have a specification saying how much it ways per meter or per foot.

Calculation.

weight = Area*Length*density

*Note that when calculating the weight of a beam for structures a safety factor which will be defined in you country design code

depending on loads and soil condition a pile type may chosen as suitable for certain conditions. 1.determine ground conditions. 2.determine loads requirement . 3.decide on the pile type. 4.in some cases access may restrict you pile choice. 5.loads cases will be considered 6.pile type,concrete strength,typy of reinforcement. 7.instollation of piles.

The benefit is that you don't get a salary but u get a wage meaning you may earn $30000 (R210000) after just 1 project! N not sit back on the same salary.. You may however find trouble getting projects and that's the disadvantage

the i-35W bridge collapsed because there was to much structural stress on the bridge at the time, when the bridge collapsed it was rush hour time so there was to much weight on the bridge.

^^^NO! the bridge collapsed because the design was flawed. the gusset plate that failed was too thin for the loading. this was the engineers error, hence the lawsuit.

• Mix ratio for M5 concrete is 1:2:4
• compressive strength is 15N/mm2 @ 28 days.
• 1 part of cement, 2 part of sand, 4 parts of coarse aggregate.

the bridge of sighs is an arch bridge and a pedestrian bridge. it is an arch bridge because of its arch shape. its a pedestrian bridge (or foot bridge) because only pedestrians are allowed to travel on it, no cars.

Civil engineers is most important course or branch ,civil engineers is not the world will not here and i am also studying this

copper has no linear portion to their stress-strain

curve, so the offset method cannot be used. The European Standard for general-purpose copper rod, EN 12163 (Ref 8), gives approximate 0.2% proof strength.

The Verrazano-Narrows bridge connects Brooklyn and Staten Island and is named for Giovanni da Verrazzano. The bridge is constructed from concrete pilings, steel wire cables, iron eyebars, steel girders, and steel towers.

An arbitrary division has been made for the setting time of cement as initial setting time and final setting time.It is difficult to draw a rigid line between these two arbitrary divisions.For convenience,initial setting time is regarded as the time elapsed between the moment that the water is added to the cement,to the time that the paste starts losing its plasticity.The final setting time is the time elapsed between the moment that the water is added to the cement ,and the time when the paste has completely lost its plasticity and has attained sufficient firmness to resist certain definite pressure.

A groyne is a structure which is built at least partially underwater to inhibit water flow and control the movement of sediment. The purpose of a groin at the beach is either to create more beach or to prevent the erosion of an existing beach.