Computer Memory

Permanent storage tends to be slow. For disks, there there is rotational delay while the disk rotates beneath the read/write head, and seek delay as the head moves across the disk from track to track. Tape is even worse, and little used anymore. The memory serves as the storage area where programs and data are loaded. The programs are executed from memory. Each program instruction is loaded into the central processing unit (CPU) and executed there. Instructions are commands, such as add the contents of two registers, or branch to a location in the memory, or fetch the data at a particular location in memory, etc.

Memory tends to be much smaller than disk storage. Currently typical home PC disk capacities range from a hundred gigabytes up to a terabyte (a trillion bytes). A typical digital photograph takes up approximately 2 megabytes. In a hundred gigabytes you could store roughly 50,000 photographs. But computer memory generally ranges from 256 megabytes to a gigabyte. Some of this space will be consumed by operating system software, and some of it by programs. Programs that are executing in the background take up some of the computer's memory, like the program that checks your e-mail, and so on. Image editing software takes up a lot of memory space. So if your computer has 512 megabytes of RAM (random access memory), maybe half of that would be left over for data, or less. JPG images are probably translated into bit mapped format in the computer's memory to make manipulation easier--which would leave even less space--maybe room for only a handful of photos. You will get an idea because the computer will suddenly start running a lot slower when too many images are loaded into memory, as some of that memory will be swapped back out to disk as you switch between tasks.

ROM is Read Only Memory. Normally, data is fabricated into the ROM chips by the semiconductor manufacturer. Special mask(s) have to be made to store this data.

Besides ROM chips there are PROM chips, where P stands for Programmable. In these chips, data can be stored by the end user. EPROM is Erasable PROM. A new type of ROM is OTP ROM (One Time Programmable).

Computer memory comes in multiples of 2.

The nearest to 1,000 that we can get with powers of 2 is 1,024..... 210...

1,024 bytes = 1 kilobyte

1,024 kilobytes = 1 megabyte

1,024 megabytes = 1 gigabyte

so, 3 gigabytes = 3,072 megabytes.

The capacity of the human brain cannot be defined in binary computer units, as the brain does not use binary addressing. As knowledge, feelings, and memories do not have a standard format, it would be impossible to determine how much space it would take to place this data in binary form.

• it helps to operate the application software and the system software of hte computer

The famous quote by Bill GAtes about Memory in1981 was ," Memroy is an important thing and needs to be taken care of or it will burn out and die of natural causes, we can not live without memory or we also will die by the know existnce of death".

64 bit

Secondary memory (or secondary storage) is the slowest and cheapest form of memory. It cannot be processed directly by the CPU. It must first be copied into primary storage (also known as RAM ).

The purpose of CMOS RAM is to hold the BIOS program as it is executed by the processor. BIOS is the first program to be loaded when a computer is powered on.

mb is smaller than gigs so 512mb is half a gig.

In certain situations the page tables could become large enough that by paging the page tables, one could simplify the memory allocation problem (by ensuring that everything is allocated as fixed-size pages as opposed to variable-sized chunks) and also enable the swapping of portions of page table that are not currently used.

You upgrade your RAM on your computer by buying RAM expansion cards for your computer. You then would have to open your computer case and you look for what look like rectangle shaped slots that are on the motherboard. These are called expansion slots and you would slide the RAM expansion card in one of these slots till the card is all the way in. You will want to put some force while putting the card in to make sure that it is properly seated in the expansion slot but you will want to also be gentle as the cards are pretty delicate and even a chip could cause it to not work properly.

Small Outline

SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)

Almost all systems used to ship with 3.3 volt, 168-pin SDRAM DIMMs. SDRAM is not an extension of older EDO DRAM but a new type of DRAM altogether. SDRAM started out running at 66 MHz, while older fast page mode DRAM and EDO max out at 50 MHz. SDRAM is able to scale to 133 MHz (PC133) officially, and unofficially up to 180MHz or higher. As processors get faster, new generations of memory such as DDR and RDRAM are required to get proper performance.

DDR (Double Data Rate SDRAM)

DDR basically doubles the rate of data transfer of standard SDRAM by transferring data on the up and down tick of a clock cycle. DDR memory operating at 333MHz actually operates at 166MHz * 2 (aka PC333 / PC2700) or 133MHz*2 (PC266 / PC2100). DDR is a 2.5 volt technology that uses 184 pins in its DIMMs. It is incompatible with SDRAM physically, but uses a similar parallel bus, making it easier to implement than RDRAM, which is a different technology.

Rambus DRAM (RDRAM)

Despite it's higher price, Intel has given RDRAM it's blessing for the consumer market, and it will be the sole choice of memory for Intel's Pentium 4. RDRAM is a serial memory technology that arrived in three flavors, PC600, PC700, and PC800. PC800 RDRAM has double the maximum throughput of old PC100 SDRAM, but a higher latency. RDRAM designs with multiple channels, such as those in Pentium 4 motherboards, are currently at the top of the heap in memory throughput, especially when paired with PC1066 RDRAM memory.

DIMMs vs. RIMMs

DRAM comes in two major form factors: DIMMs and RIMMS.

DIMMs are 64-bit components, but if used in a motherboard with a dual-channel configuration (like with an Nvidia nForce chipset) you must pair them to get maximum performance. So far there aren't many DDR chipset that use dual-channels. Typically, if you want to add 512 MB of DIMM memory to your machine, you just pop in a 512 MB DIMM if you've got an available slot. DIMMs for SDRAM and DDR are different, and not physically compatible. SDRAM DIMMs have 168-pins and run at 3.3 volts, while DDR DIMMs have 184-pins and run at 2.5 volts.

RIMMs use only a 16-bit interface but run at higher speeds than DDR. To get maximum performance, Intel RDRAM chipsets require the use of RIMMs in pairs over a dual-channel 32-bit interface. You have to plan more when upgrading and purchasing RDRAM.

Programs from the hard drive are sent to the RAM for quick access and from there are sent to either the CPU or GPU, depending on whether the operation is calculational or some type of video processing.

Answer Gigabytes is a measure of computer memory storage capacity, Gigahertz is a measures frequency, the two can not be equated.

The specifications are memory chips and memory modules. The DDR PC3200 RAM is a popular choice when one has to specify in this specific memory equipment.

The largest size DDR2 DIM sold today (2013) is a 244-pin MiniDIMM. It is used for DDR2 SDRAM. Currently, the fastest speed on a DDR2 DIM is 1066 MHz.

kidneys

**actually the temporary storage site for urine is the urinary bladder.

Advantages:

1.Low power.

2.Static.

3.Faster.

4.Used in cache memory.

Disadvantages:

1. Reliability is less.

2. uses more transistors per bit of memory.

3. More expensive.

1. Go for google.com

2. type the software u want to download with in double quotes.

3. google will search for your text, then it displays relevant search.

4. click on of links to see whether that's wat u needed.

5. then u have a button "download", click on that.

6. U will see window to run or save a file.

Click on save and then choose a path where u want to. then download will start.

i think this link will be more helpful for you:

http://ezdia.com

It stands for "Gag Box"

Things that use RAM include all desktop applications such as word processors, spread sheets, power points, or any other applications on the desktop including games such as PC game discs and MMORPGS. Any thing that also requires the use of the internet uses RAM such as, web browsers.