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Computer Networking
Computer networks are collections of computers which are connected together in order to communicate and transfer information. Questions about computer networks, networking protocols, and how to set them up belong here.
18,810 Questions
What is the bandwidth of Telephone signal?
A tradition phone line has a sampling rate of 2400 baud but a baud is not a bit. A traditional phone line can transmit at close to 100 kbit/sec. To cleanly transmit a voice takes about 10 kbit/sec.
A media access control address (MAC address) is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications on the physical network segment. Everything attached to any computer network has a permanent MAC address that moves with the hardware no matter where it is connected.
IP address is the current interface address for your local system to the larger public internet. The IP address can be STATIC (permanently assigned) or DYNAMIC (changes every time you connect to the internet).
The alphabetic names are for humans. They are translated to the xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx format for the computers to use. When you type in the name of a website the name is looked up by your browser.
The MAC address is for hardware. The IP address is for communication on the internet.
A printer (and any other hardware) on your local network has a unique MAC address. It will have the same IP address as your internet access. xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:pppp. The X's are your IP address. The P's are the port address for the printer (or other hardware)
If you would like to find the MAC Address for your device, then you will need to open Command Prompt. (Search for CMD.exe) or go to Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt. A black window will open and ask you to type something in. You need to type: 'getmac' without ' ' and it will show you your MAC Address.
For your IP Address, it's the same method, except you type in: 'ipconfig'. If you want a more detailed view, then it's 'ipconfig /all'
What kind of printer has an IP address?
A printer is assigned an IP address when used in a networking environment and only if it is used with a printer routing device wich will assign the printer an available IP address from the main router to share it over the network.
Why is a twisted pair cable is not used for LAN connectivity?
Twisted pair is less sensitive to noise and crosstalk as the two wires in the pair are so close together that they generally both pick up the disturbance identically, then the receiving circuit cancels this common mode disturbance out. Twisted pair is also much less expensive than fully shielded cables like coax.
What type of tasks should the Operating System perform?
The operating system is the central nervous system of the computer, it controls fan speed to cool down your devices, it controls the settings for your computer, it moves the mouse cursor on the screen when you move the mouse. The operating system does everything you do. The video card is only as useful as the system hardware, but what controls the hardware? The operating system.
What are two ways that a router can learn of the paths to destination networks?
Update from other routers
ARP request from connected routers
What devices are needed to create a point to point wireless network?
The needed devices are wireless access point (WAP), a wireless router.
You need computers with wireless networking adapters. And you need a "wired" connection to the internet for the router to plug into.
Most people are able to install it themselves but your ISP will install it if you are more comfortable with that.
What is CRC in data communication?
CRC means "Cyclical Reduncy Check". In other words, every so often (cyclical) the systems double checks (Redundancy) that the number of packets received equals the same number sent. (Check).
How can you configure a router Cisco?
Well what sort of application is the 2600 router going to be used in? Here is a short thing about setting the clock http://www.learnios.com/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=36 Here a little more on setting up interfaces http://www.learnios.com/viewtopic.php?f=72&t=34 Here is password recovery steps http://www.learnios.com/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=28 Setting up cisco routers can be done many ways if you are looking for and more direct answer I suggest asking a more direct question like "how do I setup DCHP on my 2600" or how do I ip interfaces
Why are most addresses in class A IP address wasted?
A class A subnet has 24 bits worth of addressing, which is enough for almost 17 million individual devices. Most entities have only a small fraction of this number of devices, so most of the addresses are not used.
Which protocol is not routable?
NON-ROUTABLE PROTOCOLS cannot survive being routed. Non-routable protocols presume that allcomputers they will ever communicate with are on the same network (to get them working in a routed environment, you must bridge the networks). Todays modern networks are not very tolerant of protocols that do not understand the concept of a multi-segment network and most of these protocols are dying or falling out of use.
- NetBEUI
- DLC
- LAT
- DRP
- MOP
How does the optical fiber work?
optical fibre use the phenomenon of total internal reflection.In optical fibres glass of high refractive index is coated with a thin layer of glass of lower refractive index .the rays of light entering through its one end strickes the interference between the 2 glass surfaces at an angle greater than critical angle .this ray will be totally reflected along the whole length of fibre. light can thus travel the length of fibre and emerges from its another end without loss of intensity.
How do you connect computers to each other?
If you are just wanting to hook them up together you can simply use a crossover cable to connect them up directly to the Ethernet ports. But if you want to allow them both to access the internet you need to get a router. There are plenty of articles in TechSpot describing them thoroughly. Have a look around.
Wireless Networks
What are three basic operations of reliability in the transport layer?
- tracking transmitted data
- acknowledging received data
- Retransmitting acknowledge data
The idea is to send a message to several recipients at once. On the backbone of the network, a message might be sent only once; later, when the paths to the recipients separate, several copies are made. This can help save bandwidth of the Internet backbone (or other, smaller, networks), in certain circumstances. Multicasting is especially useful if the same information is to be sent to all recipients at the same time. A typical case might be a live radio or television broadcast over the Internet.
The idea is to send a message to several recipients at once. On the backbone of the network, a message might be sent only once; later, when the paths to the recipients separate, several copies are made. This can help save bandwidth of the Internet backbone (or other, smaller, networks), in certain circumstances. Multicasting is especially useful if the same information is to be sent to all recipients at the same time. A typical case might be a live radio or television broadcast over the Internet.
The idea is to send a message to several recipients at once. On the backbone of the network, a message might be sent only once; later, when the paths to the recipients separate, several copies are made. This can help save bandwidth of the Internet backbone (or other, smaller, networks), in certain circumstances. Multicasting is especially useful if the same information is to be sent to all recipients at the same time. A typical case might be a live radio or television broadcast over the Internet.
The idea is to send a message to several recipients at once. On the backbone of the network, a message might be sent only once; later, when the paths to the recipients separate, several copies are made. This can help save bandwidth of the Internet backbone (or other, smaller, networks), in certain circumstances. Multicasting is especially useful if the same information is to be sent to all recipients at the same time. A typical case might be a live radio or television broadcast over the Internet.
What are the requirement to make peer to peer network?
For an Ethernet network, each computer needs a network card and a network cable. You also need a switch - each computer will be connected to the switch.
For a wireless network, you don't need cables (that's the whole idea of wireless!), but each computer needs a wireless network card instead. Instead of the switch, you would use a wireless access point.
A host on a network is generally a device with a unique mac address (hardware address, set at the factory)
It can be a PC with a network device, a network switch, a printer etc etc
hosts can have an IP address mapped to their mac address's
What is difference between positive logic system negative logic system?
If you would like to perform an action by energising to act ( Logic 1 = desired output) then it's positive logic.
If you would like to perform an action by de-energising to act ( Logic 0 = desired output) then it's negative logic.
Here is an example for the positive and negative logic
POSITIVE LOGIC NEGATIVE LOGIC
o/p Y = 1 (energise to act) o/p Y = 0 (de-energise to act)
A B Y A B Y
1 1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 1
any how the required action can be performed by using either a positive logic or a negative logic.
If there is a congestion in one direction, the FECN (forward explicit congestion notification) bit is set to inform routers in the forward direction (from the point of view of the traffic) about the congestion. Also, eventually some frames will travel back to the origin; in that case, the BECN (backword explicit congestion notification) bit is also set to inform the origin about the congestion.
