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Computer Networking
Computer networks are collections of computers which are connected together in order to communicate and transfer information. Questions about computer networks, networking protocols, and how to set them up belong here.
18,810 Questions
What is the term network topology mean?
Network topology is the way a computer network is set up and arranged, Examples for possible topologies include ring, star, bus, and line. Each of these topologies have their advantages and disadvantages, with star being the most common in today's world.
Physical address and logical address?
A logical (or virtual) address is a reference to a memory location independent of the
current assignment of data to memory; a translation must be made to a physical
address before the memory access can be achieved.
A relative address is the address expressed as a location relative to some known
point, usually the beginning of the program.
A physical address, or absolute address, is an actual location in main memory.
It uses the MAC address, Media Access Control. Every packet sent from a computer contains its MAC address. The router stores this in its routing table. When it receives a packet with a destiation address of that MAC address, then it forwards it to that computer. This is called NAT, Network Address Translation.
It uses the Destination IP address
What are the characteristics of the bus topology?
Two words: cheap and easy. Having only one main cable connecting all of the stations together drastically reduces the time and cost of installation and makes troubleshooting particularly easy.
The default gateway is configured incorrectly on the host what is the impact on communications?
You can communicate only with hosts on your own physical network and with hosts on networks for which an explicit route exists, but not with hosts which are beyond the gateway and where no explicit route exists. Or, you can reach local machines but you can't reach Internet machines.
It all depends on a number of things. The first part is, do you want the computer to be on the same network (connecting to the Internet)? If so, plug it into the router/switch/hub with an RJ-45 (most people just call it an Ethernet cable). But if you want two computers to be able to share files (connect to each other) on a "simple network" then it might depend on what kind of hardware you have. If you have a parallel slot, use that if you just have two computers. If you don't have a parallel slot then you should hopefully have some sort of Network Interface Card (NIC) and there will be an RJ-45 slot. If you have Windows, you'll have to do a setup with the local network wizard (or something like that). With Linux or Mac, use Samba. Hope this helps, and hope I didn't mess something up. -Zofc
What layer is ping of the osi model?
PACKET INTERNET GROPER uses ICMP echo request and reply messages to check the physical and logical connectivity of machines on an internetwork .
Hence Ping works on layer 3 of OSI model.
Why the cable in trefoil formation?
Seems to me a trefoil cable arrangement is related to bundling the hot, return (ground) and neutral wires in a triangular formation so to minimize the path resistance (response time) in case of fault conditions (a short).
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What is the circuit switching?
The Public Switched Telephone Network. PSTN is purely circuit switching in that, a physical path is dedicated between two end users for the duration of their session. A physical path runs from the customers premises up to the exchange where calls are routed to desired destinations...
How many type of networking cable?
Mainly 5 types of cables are used in computer networking.
1. Twisted pair cable - Twisted pair cabling is a form of wiring in which two conductors (the forward and return conductors of a single circuit) are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources; for instance, electromagnetic radiation from unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs.
2. Optical fiber cable - An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed.
3. Coaxial cable - Coaxial lines confine the electromagnetic wave to the area inside the cable, between the center conductor and the shield. The transmission of energy in the line occurs totally through the dielectric inside the cable between the conductors. Coaxial lines can therefore be bent and twisted (subject to limits) without negative effects, and they can be strapped to conductive supports without inducing unwanted currents in them.
4. Patch cable - A patch cable is an electrical or optical cable, used to connect one electronic or optical device to another for signal routing. Devices of different types (ie: a switch connected to a computer, or switch to router) are connected with patch cords. It is a very fast connection speed. Patch cords are usually produced in many different colors so as to be easily distinguishable, and are relatively short, perhaps no longer than two metres.
5. Ethernet crossover cable - An Ethernet crossover cable is a type of Ethernet cable used to connect computing devices together directly where they would normally be connected via a network switch, hub or router, such as directly connecting two personal computers via their network adapters.
What are the disadvantes of star network?
A star network provides good performance, is easy to install and expand. Failures out in the network don't tend to impact other nodes (unlike ring networks, for example, which fail completely when a node goes down or else require elaborate double-ring schemes to cope). A classically-cited disadvantage is that it's "expensive to install" and quite a bit of hardware (e.g. hubs/switches) is required. If you look at ethernet though (the king of modern networks more due to economy than to efficiency), it tends lend naturally to star configuration.
Social engineering would not be a possible vulnerability or exploit that may lead to an attacker bypassing the firewall.
What would be the purpose of setting the router configuration register to 0x2102?
you can use 2100 when you have a corrupt nvram and your router refuses to boot up
What is the difference between a wired link cable and a wireless cable?
The differences between cable and wireless internet is that, when it is "cable" internet a physical cable is connected between the computer and the router. Whereas the "wireless" internet is wireless, it sends information through the air to your computer.
What is an advantage to using a peer to peer network over using a client server network?
A peer-to-peer network is easier to set up.
What is the first thing you should do to troubleshoot a network problem related to hardware?
Test with a network cable
The first services widely used by networks were?
The first services widely used by networks was file services. File services accounted for the first use of networks and remain the foundation of networking today, for number of reasons.
What is the purpose of a wireless LAN adaptor?
A WIFI adapter is a deviced used by computers or laptops which do not have a built-in wireless card. A WIFI adapter, once plugged into a computer or laptop, allows the the device to use nearby wireless signals. Belkin is a popular brand which manufactures WIFI adapters.
How do you find your wep or wpa key if you have not set it?
If its your router then you should have it. If you dont, you are going to have to login into the router and reset the WEP settings. If you have lost your router password aswell you will just have to reset the router and start from scratch.
They conduct electric signals. Copper is a fairly good conductor, that's why it is often used instead of other metals.
How can you increase the wireless coverage area?
You can buy more powerful router. Also some routers allow to have bigger antennas but not all of them. You will have to upgrade your wireless cards because it should have also strong enough signal.
But there exists better technology and it's called bridging. To start using that you will need two routers which support bridging, and they have to be from the same brand. After you have it just read manual how to set up bridging configuration.
What is the importance of simple mail transfer protocol?
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, is the technology used to send out email messages. It goes hand in hand with POP (Post Office Protocol) that is, typically, employed for receiving emails from a web server to an email program or an email client.
What are the Components of telecommunication network?
A small business telephone systems may often include the following components: -The PBX’s internal switching network -Microcontroller or microcomputer for arbitrary data processing, control and logic -Logic cards, switching and control cards, power cards and related devices that facilitate PBX operation -Stations or telephone sets, sometimes called lines -Outside Telco trunks that deliver signals to (and carry them from) the PBX -Console or switchboard allows the operator to control incoming calls -Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) consisting of sensors, power switches and batteries -Interconnecting wiring -Cabinets, closets, vaults and other housings
