Cosmology

People may agree with the cosmological argument because it provides a logical explanation for the existence of the universe by asserting the need for a first cause or prime mover. This argument appeals to the idea of cause and effect and suggests that there must be a necessary being that initiated the chain of causation. Additionally, some find comfort in the notion of a higher power or ultimate source of existence.

As more it learned about the universe the mysteries keeps changing. Today, the biggest mystery is probably what caused or happened before the "big bang."

Other mysteries are, what is "dark matter" and gravity. Is there a multiverse (multiple universes) and if so, what form do they take.

1 AU is approximately 93 million miles, so 5 AU would be around 465 million miles.

Yes, the perfect cosmological principle is a key aspect of the oscillating universe theory. This principle suggests that the universe looks the same from any vantage point at any given point in time, which is a fundamental assumption for the oscillating universe model where the universe undergoes cycles of expansion and contraction.

Georges Lemaître is often referred to as the father of cosmology for his proposal of the Big Bang theory in the 1920s. He was the first to suggest that the universe is expanding from a primordial state of extreme density and temperature.

It is difficult to identify a precise date that the Catholic Church accepted the Big Bang theory, but sometime during the late 1920s would be seem to be a plausible time. The Big Bang theory is a comparatively recent development in the history of science. Interestingly, it was a Roman Catholic priest, Monsignor Joseph Lemaître (1894 - 1966), who was also a professor of astronomy and physics at the Catholic Unviersity of Leuven in Belgium, who first published his proposal of what is now called the "Big Bang theory" in 1927. He was elected President of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences a few years before his death. Monsignor Lemaître's suggestion met with some skepticism at first, not so much from the Church, but from the scientific community, which, however, accepted his views within a few years.

Neutrinos are attractive candidates for dark matter because they are known to interact weakly with other particles, making them difficult to detect. They are also abundant in the universe and have non-zero mass, which could contribute to the overall mass content of the universe. However, current evidence suggests that the combined mass of neutrinos is not enough to account for all of dark matter.

We know that dark matter exists because it got gravity, though it is invisible. It hold galaxy and Universes.

There is a theory there many other parallel universe outside our universe and dark matter holds those universe up and some scientists says that dark matter are just mass of the matter of the parallel universe. It sounds crazy but that is the Law of Physics.

However there is not exact explanation of what dark matter really is, so there are still Noble Prices for those who can come up with a reasonable explanation.

As the planet approaches perihelion (point of nearest approach to the Sun), its orbital velocity gets faster, and it is fastest at perihelion. Similarly, at aphelion (point of furthest approach to the Sun), the orbital velocity is slowest.

Not only is there not enough matter (dark or otherwise) to stop and reverse cosmic expansion, the rate of that expansion has been increasing over time.

It would appear that dark energy is achieving "victory" over all matter.

However if the question is meant to ask what happened when the Big Bang was first produced, then the answer becomes more complex. ---- The Big Bang expresses the understanding of an evolving universe from a one dimensional singularity to the traditional fourth dimensional model of our ever-accelerating universe. In general, existence came into being upon the dimensional unfolding of Space and Time from the condition of a singularity (formed during a degree of convergence in Space and Time) into the reality of our traditional fourth dimensional SpaceTime continuum. The Big Bang is more a reference to an unfolding evolutionary model of existence in which SpaceTime allows for the integration of positive matter (or an explosion of multiple dimensions from a more singular dimensional containment; i.e. singularity). The concept of this singularity provides for a temporal confinement in the unification of all the primary forces of the physics (i.e., gravitational, electromagnetic, strong and weak). Immediately after this creation event, the evolutionary expansion of the primary quantum forces provide for a dense and hot plasma soup which expands to permeate its unfolding dimensional containment. The universe continued to decrease in density and fall in temperature, hence the typical energy of each particle was decreasing. Over a long period of time, the slightly denser regions of the nearly uniformly distributed matter gravitationally attracted nearby matter and thus grew even denser, forming the four possible types of matter are known as cold dark matter, warm dark matter, hot dark matter, and baryonic matter. Eventually gas clouds, stars, galaxies, and the other astronomical structures we observe today, began to precipitate in the expanse of the expanding universe. Note: The details of this process depend on the model used, and the amount and type of matter, and localized quantum instabilities present to facilitate the accretion of positive mass density in the Universe.

Yes, time was created at the moment of the Big Bang, making the formation of the universe and the concept of time interconnected. As the universe expands and evolves, time is a crucial parameter for understanding the sequence of events and changes that have occurred since the beginning. The study of cosmology relies on the relationship between time and the formation of the universe to unravel its history and predict its future.

Cosmic background radiation is the remnants of the Big Bang, the event that marked the beginning of the universe. It provides valuable information about the early conditions of the universe, helping us understand its formation and evolution. The uniformity and patterns in cosmic background radiation inform us about the distribution and structures of matter in the early universe, contributing to our understanding of its evolution over time.

A dark matter microscope is used to indirectly detect and study dark matter by analyzing the impact it has on the distribution of visible matter in space. By observing the gravitational effects of dark matter on visible matter, scientists can infer the presence and properties of dark matter particles.

Pulsars appear to flash on and off because they emit beams of light in a specific direction, similar to a lighthouse. As the pulsar rotates, the beam of light sweeps across our line of sight, causing the pulsar to appear to pulse or flash.

Not much is known about dark matter. It is fairly certain that it does exist, but not much more is known. Thus, any ideas on what would happen when two dark matter particles meet seem very speculative.

Not sure what you mean by "theory" and not sure what you mean by "pros and cons."

The MCBR (actually the "CMBR") exists, and its spectrum is EXACTLY as predicted by the hypothesis of our Universe having begun to expand from great density about thirteen billion years ago. Proponents of every other hypothesis about our Universe have to state, "I don't know WHY the CMBR is there, and I don't know why it has the spectrum it has. It's just there and I can't explain it."

The energy of a photon is given by the equation E = hc/λ, where h is Planck's constant (6.63 x 10^-34 J·s), c is the speed of light (3 x 10^8 m/s), and λ is the wavelength in meters. Converting 310 nm to meters (310 x 10^-9 m) and substituting into the equation gives E = (6.63 x 10^-34 J·s * 3 x 10^8 m/s) / (310 x 10^-9 m). Calculating this gives an energy of approximately 4.02 x 10^-19 Joules.

It is possible that Venus may have once had conditions suitable for life, as it is thought to have contained liquid water and a more temperate climate in its early history. However, due to a runaway greenhouse effect, Venus now has a thick toxic atmosphere and extreme temperatures that make it uninhabitable for life as we know it.

If you have an old TV (the kind that you must turn channels with a knob) you may notice that, in between the channels, there was a fair amount of static in between them. Some of this was cosmic microwave background radiation- CMB. The same amount of CMB was present no matter where we looked, thus adding on to the proof of the Big Bang Theory.

He developed an equation from which one can derive the probability of an electron having a specific value for location or velocity.

He had nothing whatsoever to do with the discovery of neutrons.

No, atoms do not always have the same number of protons and neutrons. The number of protons determines the element, while the sum of protons and neutrons determines the isotope of an element. Some atoms have equal numbers of protons and neutrons, but others have different numbers.

Try not to confuse two things that have nothing in common other than their present description having the word "dark" in it.

Dark matter is SOME type of matter that interacts with othe matter via gravity, but is not visible to us. It appears to some type of matter that does not interact at all, other than via gravity.

What is it? We don't know -- hence the name "dark" matter. Based on the observation of its effect on rotations in galaxies and the bending of light from distant sources, we estimate there is five times more mass in our Universe that is composed of dark matter than the stuff we understand -- stuff we call "baryonic matter" or "luminous matter."

Where dark matter exerts a gravitational pull, tending to bring galaxies closer together (or at least slow down the rate at which they are apart from each other), dark ENERGY is something that tends to make galaxies become further apart from each. As best we can tell, it is an inherent proper of empty space itself -- ie, whatever dark energy happens to be, it would exist even where there was no matter whatsoever.

Based on the measured ability of dark energy (what EVER it happens to be -- never forget we have NO idea what this stuff even IS) to make entire galaxies move apart from each other, we estimate that the amount of energy in the Universe that is "dark" is much greater than the amount of all other energy -- and that includes all of the mass that is in dark matter!

As the pie chart below shows, about 74% of the energy of the Universe is in dark energy, about 22% is the mass in dark matter, about 3.6% is in the mass of gas between galaxies, and a measly 0.4% is in the mass of stars in galaxies. This means we understand only about 5% of our Universe!