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Electrical Wiring

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4,935 Questions

Why capacitors may pose an electric shock even in unpowered circuits?

Capacitors are used to store electricity in a circuit, so even when the circuit is unpowered, so long as it's still functional, it would still give off a small electric shock due to electric charge present in capacitor.

Can you run water supply pipes and electricity services in the same trench?

Depending on your application the answer is usually yes as long as you always use the correct type of cable and, where necessary, a sealed electrical conduit in the trench.

Usually the water line is installed first and the deepest to prevent freezing, up to 6 feet deep in some locations depending on how sever winters are. The electrical lines have to be a minimum of two feet and electrical marker identification tape installed one foot above the conduit or the direct buried cable.

Most busy city streets are a menagerie of electrical, cable, water, sewer, fiber optical... etc. Usually the only code compliance is a small vertical and horizontal separation for street applications.

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As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed.

Before you do any work yourself,

on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,

always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized.

IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOB

SAFELY AND COMPETENTLY

REFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.

Where are Hunter ceiling fans made?

China! They moved production there recently. I'll never own another Hunter fan until they bring production back to the USA. No Chinese crap for me.

What is the wire that runs from the electric meter to the breaker box called?

The wire that runs from the electric meter to the breaker box is called the service entrance cable or service wire. It is responsible for carrying the electricity from the meter into your home's electrical system through the breaker box.

What is Full Load Amps?

FLA is the nameplate amperage rating of the motor when it is running at its designed horsepower and on the motors designed voltage. 746 watts = 1 HP. The FLA of a 1 HP motor at 240 volts would be W = amps x volts, Amps = Watts/Voltage. 746/240 = 3.1 amps full load. Overload the motor and the amps go higher, motor running at no load amps are lower than FLA

Should double insulated appliances ever be earthed?

There is no need to. The manufacturer designed the appliance for the specification of not needing a ground to be connected to it.

What can a 800 watt generator power?

You can power any amount of devices that total to a sum of 800 watts. If you can not find the wattage on the devices nameplates then use the amperage of the devices. I = W/E, Amps = Watts/Volts. 800/120 = 6.6 amps. A total of 6.6 amps can be used from a 800 watt generator.

Do you need a neutral to install 480 volts 3 phase heater?

If the heater is rated as a 3 phase 480 volt heater then a neutral is not needed. If the voltage stated is 277 volts three phase then a neutral is needed.

What is a form z relay contact?

A form Z relay contact is one of six common types of contact configurations. A type Z is a single pole, double throw, double break configuration. There is no common hot terminal. It is usually used where two separate circuits need to be opened at the same time.

What is the voltage value phase to phase at 180 degrees apart?

Single phase voltages vary throughout the world. To answer this question a basic voltage or country voltage has to be stated.

How do you reset a shunt trip breaker?

A shunt trip breaker is reset the same way as an ordinary breaker, move the handle to the full off position and then to the full on position. First check the tripping circuit, sometimes a latch relay is used to hold the breaker shunt trip coil in the trip position. If this is the case then reset the latch relay first.

Fuse size for 7.5 HP 3 Phase 440 Volt Motor?

The electrical code states that a 7.5 HP 460 volt three phase motor draws 11 amps. For fuse sizes, non time delay - 30 amps, time delay type D - 20 amps and if using a breaker it will be 30 amps. Minimum wire size is #12 and the maximum setting of overload devices will be 13.75 amps

Can a 460V 3 phase 60Hz electrical motor run safely on a 380V 3 phase 50Hz supply?

its answer is YES because 220 is a phase voltage in three phase system and line voltage for three phase system is 220*1.732=381 or 380. thus motor runs.

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The above answer is wrong. Just because one leg to ground voltage is 220 volts on a 380 volt system does not allow the three phase motor to run off of one leg of a three phase system. A three phase motor is wound with three sets of coils which, if connected as above, the other two motor coils would not get energised.

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When a motor runs on 380V three phase, it is connected in star, which means that one end of each of the three motor windings are connected together to create a star point. The other end of each motor winding is connected to one of the three phases.

If you only have 220V supply, you can still run the motor, but then you need to use a current inverter (or drive) to divide the 220V supply into three phases and the motor MUST then be connected in DELTA. This is achieved by connecting the windings end to end.

Here is a diagram of a delta and a star (or Y) connection

How do you drop 48 volts to 12 volts to run a 12 volt device?

If it is an alternating current (ac) circuit you could use suitable a step-down transformer.

If the circuit uses direct current (dc) then you could use a drop-down resistor if you know the load's current draw in amps. Then, using Ohms' Law, the value of the resistor in ohms can be calculated.

For example if the current drawn by the 12 volt load is 1 amp, you would need to "lose" 48 - 12 = 36 volts, so, using Ohm's Law (R = E / A) the resistor would need to have a resistance value of 36 / 1 = 36 ohms.

The resistor would have to be big enough to run safely without overheating, so, using the Power Law (W = E x I) its power rating would have to be at least 36 x 1 = 36 watts. That is not a trivial amount of power to dissipate - it's about the same power as a 40 watt electric light bulb - so it would be a good idea to make sure the resistor is mounted in such a way that it can lose its heat safely without burning anything.

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As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed.

Before you do any work yourself,
on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,
always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized.

IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOB
SAFELY AND COMPETENTLY
REFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.

Do I need transformer for 800 feet 240v electric power line?

You may need to step up the voltage to minimize the power loss / voltage dip at the end of the 800 feet depending on:

1. the type of cable used (the higher resistance, the large cables would be required to not do this)

2. the amperage that you will need to draw.

The voltage drop in the wires is due to the I^2*R losses in the cable. If your cable has a resistance of 1 ohm over 800 feet, and you draw 5 amps (so your load resistance is R = V/R = 240 / 5 = 48 ohms), the actual current delivered will be (I = V / R = 240 / 49) 4.9 amps, and the voltage at the end of the 800 feet will be (240 - 4.9*1) 235 volts. voltage is probably fine for whatever equipment you're using. If used continuously, the 800 ft of cable would waste 210kWh of energy/yr (15-35 dollars/year).

If you need 20 amps, the load resistance would be (240 / 20) 12 ohms, current delivered to the load would be (240/13) = 18.5, and the voltage at the end of the 800 feet would be (240 - 18.5*1) 222 volts. This might be too low, depending on the equipment you're using and if you're area has a naturally low voltage to begin with. If used continuously, the 800 ft of cable would waste ~3,000kWh of energy/yr (180-450 dollars/year).

As your question is written, a straight yes or no cannot be given. I hope the above explains enough to give you the knowledge you need to determine this on your own.

Why there is different types of voltage range 210 Volt 220 Volt 230 Volt 240 Volt 250 Volt in single phase AC system and what it based?

In the US the voltage is about 220 volts. This voltage is based upon the average voltage of the AC sine wave. It can peak as high as 240 volts or as low as 210 volts. So these different voltages are actually referring to an average 220 volt system.

What is the maximum RPM does a 3 phase motor run at?

The formula for RPM is ; RPM = Hz x (120 (constant)) divided by the # of poles. Number of poles a motor has; # of poles = Hz x (120 (constant)) / RPM.

Does the power supplied to trip shunt trip breaker have to be applied momentarily or can it latch?

A shunt-trip breaker trips when voltage is applied to the coil. It does not self-reset when the voltage is removed, the breaker must be reset manually. The trip voltage can either latch or be applied momentarily, but must be de-energized before the breaker will reset.

What size breaker do you need for a well pump?

A breaker is based on the amperage that is drawn by the pump motor load. Find the full load amperage of the motor. The wire fed from the breaker has to be rated at 125% of the motors full load amperage. The breaker for motors have to be over sized, usually 250% of the motors full load amps.

What are the elements of electrical heating devices usually made of?

Generally the Kanthal alloys are used.

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Depending on the temperature range that is needed, the heating element could be composed of; iron-chromium-aluminium, nickel-chromium, nickel-iron or copper-nickel. The maximum temperature range for each alloy is 1400 C, 1250 C, 600 C and 600 C respectively.

What is aircraft schematic manuals?

Schematic Diagrams are simple diagrams that illustrate the major components and function of a system such as hydraulics or fuel, etc. This is used for training or general reference. Some schematic will have detailed information that will help the mechanic to diagnose a problem or repair it. Engineering drawings provide detail information as to dimensions or material or details. For details of the wiring, the mechanic must use the Wiring Diagram Manual. For details of the installation and test procedure, the Aircraft Maintenance Manual is required. These schematics drawings may be published in a manual called the Schematic Manual. Douglas refers to this as their LAMMs Schematic (but I don't know what that stands for.)

What is the purpose of a relay in an electric circuit?

A electrical relay device is usually a small electro-mechanical switch which, when energized, will close a contact-set to complete another circuit.

A relay is used regularly by people who drive motor vehicles: the key switch (ignition switch) is turned to "Start" and 12 volts (approximately) is applied to the "starter solenoid" (which is actually a big relay). The solenoid's coil is energized - drawing only one to five amps or so from the battery - and it closes its high-current-carrying contacts so that the battery voltage is delivered to the starter motor, which usually draws around 100 amps or more...

If you didn't have that starter solenoid to do the job for you, to turn on that kind of current using only your ignition key you'd have to turn a very large key to turn a very big, heavy - and ugly! - switch on your steering column...

There are variations on this theme to which the term "relay" can be applied, but the idea remains the same: a small switch of some kind controls another (usually higher voltage and/or current) circuit.

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A relay is a switch as the previous contributor described; however, it does not necessarily control a higher voltage circuit. Relays are also commonly used in low power applications to switch a signal to one or more circuits. The common terminal of a relay is typically used as the input, and the throw describes the number of switches that are connected ("thrown") at the same time.

A relay is controlled by a solenoid. When the proper voltage is applied across the solenoid, the relay energizes, which activates the throw and the common terminals are connected to the Normally Closed (N/C) terminals. When no voltage is applied across the solenoid, the relay is unenergized and the common terminals are connected to the Normally Open (N/O) terminals of the relay.

Some common relays are:

SPST: Single pole single throw - has a single common and single output. The unenergized position is N/O because the signal at the common terminal is not present at the output until the relay is energized. Once the relay is energized, the input signal at the common terminal is connected to the output at the N/C terminal. This type of relay is used to connect a single common terminal to a single output terminal.

SPDT: Single pole double throw - has a single common and two outputs. In the unenergized position, the common terminal is connected to the N/O terminal. Once the relay is energized, the signal at the common terminal is connected to the N/C terminal. This type of relay is used to connect a single common terminal to one of two output terminals.

DPST: Double pole single throw - has two common inputs and two outputs. This type of relay is electrically equivalent to two SPST relays that operate simultaneously. In the unenergized state, the two common terminals (C1 and C2) are not present at either output terminal. In the energized state, C1 and C2 are switched to their respective output terminal at the same time.

DPDT: Double pole double throw - has two common inputs and four outputs. This type of relay is electrically equivalent to two SPDT relays that operate simultaneously. In the unenergized state, the two common terminals (C1 and C2) are present at the NO terminals (NO1 and NO2) of the relay. When the relay is energized, C1 and C2 are switched to the N/C terminals (NC1 and NC2) at the same time.

What does it mean to have a hot electric appliance plug?

In the electrical trade it has taken on the meaning that a circuit has been energized. e.g. Is the circuit for the appliance plugs hot?

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The above answer correctly addresses the normal trade interpretation of the question. But if the question was asked by a non-member of the electrical trade and is asking what it means if an appliance's plug is literally "hot" in the sense of having a hot temperature or "feeling hot to the touch", it means that the wires have become loose in the terminals inside the plug and are getting hot because of the resulting high resistance. If they are not tightened up urgently the plug and its wiring could easily catch on fire because the circuit breaker protecting the circuit may not trip to cut off the current. It may not trip because its rated tripping current may never be reached even though the plug and its flex are burning... So, if no-one is there to switch off the current and remove the plug from its socket outlet when its starts to give off smoke and a bad smell, that is the exact cause of many bad house fires every year! So at least get those wires tightened up or, better, get that old plug and its flex replaced by new ones! <><><> As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed. Before you do any work yourself,

on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,

always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized. IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOB

SAFELY AND COMPETENTLY

REFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.