Electronics Engineering

mosfets come in 2 shape

1.round shaped(like bjt):hold it such that the pins face upwards and the knoch perpendicular to your eyes,then name pins as G,D,S in anticlock wise direction.

2.almost squre shaped.hold it perpendicular to your face ,then name them G,D,S from left to right

The letter used is called a Reference Designation, and for a diode sometimes depends on what kind of diode it is. Most diodes use the letter D, as in D1, D2, D3. Zener diodes usually use the letter Z or much more rarely ZR or ZD (Zener Rectifier or Zener Diode). CR is an archaic designation that stands for Crystal Rectifier.

LEDs may use LED1, LED2, etc. or just D1, D2, etc.

A bridge rectifier (four diodes connected so AC fed into two leads results in pulsating DC from two other leads) uses BR for obvious reasons.

AE7HD

The letter symbol for the diode is D.

The positive leg is usually indicated with a red dot. Sometimes there is an white arrow that looks like a minus sign - that is the negative terminal. If it is a can type, the can is the minus terminal and the tab(s) is(are) the plus terminal(s).

The current will depend on external resistance - far better to consider total energy, conversion efficiency, or failing that, voltage. The answer will depend on device size anyway.

To know about the advantages of TTL logic family, one should have a basic idea about RTL, DTL etc. Diode logic (DL) uses diodes to implement logical functions like AND and OR. But the disadvantage is that it can not perform NOT operation. As AND and OR are not complete functions by themselves, they can not perform several logic functions without NOT. Hence, there was a need for some device which can perform a NOT function as diodes can not. That device is a transistor. Then came the DTL which uses a transistor along with diodes. As a transistor can act as an inverter, NAND (NOT-AND) & NOR (NOT-OR) operations can be performed. But this logic uses several diodes which will slow down its operation. Due to the delay offered by them, the logic levels may sometimes change i. e. 0 t0 1 or 1 to 0. Then came TTL. This logic uses a multi emitter transistor, a transistor with many emitter terminals. As every emitter is nothing but a diode, this logic eliminates the use of all diodes. This is the major advantage. As transistor becomes ON and OFF much rapidly than a diode, switching time will be faster. TTL, or Transistor-transistor logic replaced resistor-transistor logic, and used much less power. The TTL family is very fast and reliable, and newer faster, less power-consuming, etc. types are always being developed. = In TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic), think that the device using this technology is made from several transistors. Another advantage is that many more chips employ this technology.

Nothing will happen to the diode but that rectifier effectively becomes a half-wave rectifier.

The purpose of an adjustable voltage regulator is to have a regulator that can give out variable voltages. This is in contrast to a fixed voltage regulator which only outputs one voltage, which it is rated for.

To allow for adjustable voltage, usually the resistors on the output of the regulator just need to be swapped for different values to give differing output voltages.

Scandisk is a diagnostic program which checks for incomplete files. It is usually run after a power interruption. Defrag is a program than reshuffles the data on the disc to collect together the fragments of files into larger chunks. This minimises the amount of time taken to read the files in the future.

In Optical Fiber Communication system 1300-1550 nm range wavelengths are used.. Reason for tis s "In this range only we can acheive low attenuation with zero dispersion"

telkom system, CD laser disks, digital audio recording, digitized video special effects, voice mail, digital video.

It is also widely used in Radio Control Units.

Radio transmitter and receiver for remote controlled cars, planes, boats etc.

Often abbreviated with PCM in these.

A pulse code modulated radiosignal is more resistant to interference than a normal "old-fashioned" signal.

a powerful feature of 8051 I/O ports is their capability to access individual bits of the port without altering the rest of the bits in that port. of the four 8051 ports we can access either the entire 8 bits or any single bit without altering the rest

The main reason of selecting a lower frequency for up-link channel in GSM is because of free space path loss. The more is the frequency the more is the loss.

As mobile phones, being a battery driven device, have limitation in terms of power we should always look for lower path loss. Whereas BTS antennas can transmit the signal (in down-link channel) with a comparatively high power, which will compensate the path loss.

And that is why it is chosen to have lower frequency for up-link and higher frequency for down-link in GSM standards. The same theory applies in almost all type of radio communication.

NOTE: Frequency and power are independent of each other. For example you can control the transmission power of BTS antenna, which still transmits in the same frequency.

That's because the path of the short circuit provides a much lower resistance than the actual path and which the current will choose to flow through the path with a lower resistance rather than the path connected to a bulb,which explains that why the bulb won't light up.

You take the wire(s) that are in the circuit and place it on on a compass. Hold the compass still and the needle in the compass will move. However far that the needle is turned will detrmine how much resistance is in the circuit. (You know you have done this correctly if the needle in the compass spins counter clockwise.) Hope this helps you out :)

the relay used to protect the generator/motor from overload currents. And to protect insulation of the stator windings.

The input to the max232 ic will be of Transistor Transistor Logic (TTL) and its voltage range will be of 5 volt. The output of the max 232 ic will be of Recomended Standard 232 Logic (RS232 logic) and its voltage range will be of 12 volt. The max 232 ic which is operating on 5 volt supply has to step up the 5 volt input to 12 volt. Hence a capacitor is used for pumping the voltage and called as pumping capacitor.

There are many types of transmitters. Thesimplest is the Amplitude Modulated (AM) transmitter. This is an oscillator that cycles at a predetermined frequency. This oscillator puts out a level of energy that is varied by the sounds that you desire to transmit. This variance is done from 100% of the signal to 0%. The output then is two frequencies combined one at the stations frequency and one at the frequency of the sound transmitted. The receiver throws away the transmission frequency and amplifies the frequency of the sound.

Bottom line is you only hear the sound stuck into the transmitter.

F.M. is the same as AM but instead of varying power, we vary the frequency with the desire sounds we want to hear. The receiver sees that variance and converts that to sound.

Phase shift, DSB, SSB and the others are merely more complex variances to these basics.

An independent source is a source that produce constant currents and voltage. Dependent sources are voltage sources that depend on a voltage somewhere else in the network.

The current in each.

computers are called silico sepians

The function of the bullet train is to move large amounts of people quickly from one point to another. The bullet train improves the efficiency of the transportation system allowing it to serve higher numbers of people.

They are not the same. Its like asking how many feet equals 10 lbs. Volts are a unit of electrical potential. In hydraulic terms, comparable to water pressure. Joules are energy or "work done". In hydraulic terms a water mill can do work (grind corn say). The work done or energy consumed can be measure in joules.

Let A,B,C are inputs and Y is the output.

A B C Y

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1

0 1 1 1

1 0 0 1

1 0 1 1

1 1 0 1

1 1 1 1

Mind it that Y=A+B+C is a logical operation in our case i.e. OR operation. It's not an arithmetic operation (i.e. not a sum operation).

Where a single diode is used as a rectifier you get halfwave rectification when the sinus wave is going positive the diode will conduct but in the negative half of the cycle it will block the current flow so the result wave form will be only the positive half that will be available for half the period of the cycle the other half will be 0 Volt