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Electronics Engineering
Electronics Engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with practical applications of electronic components, devices, systems, or equipment. Electronics are devices that operate on low voltage sources, as in electron tubes, transistors, integrated circuits, and printed circuit boards and use electricity as part of its driving force.
24,372 Questions
What happens when one light bulb goes out in a series?
The failed bulb breaks the circuit so no current can flow - so the other bulb goes out (but is OK).
What is the function of intermediate frequency transformer?
intermediate frequency transformer (ift) acts as a band selective n/w. the ift which is 455 khz is then given to IF amplifiers which is then given to detector.
How do you know the primary or secondary side of a transformer?
The primary side is usually labelled 'H', the secondary is often labelled 'L'.
Primary wiring will often be smaller, since the current carrying capacity doesn't have to be as high on the primary side.
The best thing to do would be to check with the manufacturer. They should have documentation stating what is primary and secondary.
CommentThe above answer only applies to step-down transformers. The simple answer is that the primary winding is the winding connected to the supply, whereas the secondarywinding is the winding connected to the load. These terms have nothing to do with voltage levels.
What is the main characteristic of a Butterworth filter?
Butterworth filter works as an ideal low pass filter.Butterworth filter is best suited for the closed loop gain to be as close to 1 as possible within the passband.Roll-offs become steeper,they approach the ideal filter more closely.
Give truth table for excess-3 to bcd code converter?
Excess-3
BCD
a
B
c
d
w
x
y
z
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
i'm not sure. but it should be the ans
a device used to convert a process measurement (i.e. temp, pressure, level) to an analog value which is typically 4-20 mA of electrical current. For instance you need to measure the temperature of water in a pipe. An RTD or a thermocouple will be attached in a way that it can sense the temp. The transmitter will read the temp from which ever you use and convert it into milliamps. So if the range of the transmitter is 0-100 degrees F at 0 degrees the transmitter will output 4mA at 100 degrees it will output 20mA. also 50 dgrees would be 12mA.
E dumbed down is a reference for slight degradation of a normal line voltage. It will vary for the "standard" set by your local electric company and guaranteed to vary as much as 10 volts...i.e Nominal line voltage may be anything from 115 volts to 127 volts as in my rural service territory.. In order to save those old rigs from frying to death, U need wire a 6 volt filament transformer in series opposing, so the 6 volts is reducing the normal power supplied. 126 volts becomes 120 volts and the secondaries in transformer begin to love you for not providing them with more input voltage than they are designed to work with. I endured lighting storm with line voltage surges and an old linear amp was cooking -slowly- the original 8 amp slo-blow fuses. I wired a ten ampere 6.3 volt filament transformer to reduce the line input voltage and the fuse failure became very much reduced, until the storm. I rewound the power transformer and when I did, added to the primary winding to accommodate the increased line voltage. Rig now works nicely on 5 amp fuses and doesn't blow them, even though they are normal fast-blow types. I still get 600 watts output and can work most anyone I hear...So, dumbing down your house voltage should not be taken lightly and if you have any older Ham Radio gear, U might seriously elect to add the six volt bucking transformer arrangement. The thing to remember is the ampere rating of the 6 volt winding has to be able to carry the current needed to run the equipment you operate. Good luck and Happy Hamming with those oldies-but-goodies still on the market!
Which transistors are equivalent to 2N4401 and 2N4403?
General Purpose Amplifier Transistors.
2N4401=NPN replacements: BC337, BC338
http://www.fairchildsemi.com/ds/BC/BC337.pdf
also BC547, 2N2222
http://www.slabastruja.com/elementi/BC547.pdf
2N4403=PNP replacements: BC327, BC328, PN2907
http://www.biltek.tubitak.gov.tr/gel...ar/4/BC327.pdf
http://www.st.com/internet/com/TECHN...CD00002997.pdf
What is the explanation for the vi characteristics of p-n junction?
The VI characteristics of PN junction diode when used as a diode rectifier are reverse bias and rectification is shown by an asymmetrical current flow.
Pin 8 is called Strobe pin. It is used for Phase compensation and Gain control to optimize frequency response. For this a capacitor(usually 47 pF) is connected between pin 8 and pin1
Vpp is Peak-to-Peak voltage, in other words, in AC voltage, the peak-to-peak voltage is the potential difference between the lowest trough in the AC signal to the highest. Assuming the reference to the voltage is zero, Vpp would be twice the peak voltage (between zero and either the highest or lowest point in the AC waveform).
Vrms is the Root Mean Square voltage, think of it as sort of an average (it's not quite that simple). For a sine wave, the RMS voltage can be calculated by
y=a*sin(2ft)
where f is the frequency of the signal, t is time, and a is the amplitude or peak value.
What is meaning of bfw11 in fet?
B=sillicon
f=fet
w=used in high frequency application
11=gain of transistor
Why is it necessary to use two channels on a oscilloscope to view the entire secondary voltage?
to maintain the same secondary voltage output from the transformer the primary transformer is wound for operation but it is split exactly in the centre.when used as an ac the two half of the primary are connected in series producing the designed output from the secondary.example if used on a 120v line the 2 halves of primary are connected in parallel producing 25v from the secondary and paver(vA) at of the transformer is the same
What is the difference between a transistor and scr?
SCR or Silicon Controlled Rectifiers are Bipolar junctions Transistor ( Thyristor Family), SCRs are made of two transistors thats why they PNPN or NPNP devices.
The three important parts of transistor are - Emitter, Collector & Base.
& the Three Important parts of SCR are - Anode, Cathode & Gate.
Use of SCRs- rectification of high power AC & power control applications, such as lamp dimming, regulators and motor control.
Use of Transistors - switch, audio, high voltage, amplifiers, switcher
What are the advantages and disadvantages of noise in a communication system?
Harmfull Effect: the harmfull effect of noise in a communication system is the it weeks the strength of the massage single.
What does the nm in 650nm laser diode mean?
"nanometer" or billionths of a meter.
650 nanometers is the wavelength of the light produced by the diode.
A practical amplifier will contain several components of a "shunt" capacitance inherent in the transistor and physical wiring of the amplifier circuit. As the frequency of the input signal increases, the reactance of these shunt-capacitances will decrease until, at a frequency determined by the value of the shunt-capacitance and the circuit impedance, signal attenuation begins to take place. Thus the shunt capacitances limit the high-frequency response of the amplifier (note that the transistor itself also has inherent limits to it's high frequency amplifying capability).
In the case of operational amplifiers, many operational amplifiers are internally compensated by a small capacitor (e.g. about 30pf for a 741). The internal frequency compensation capacitor prevents the operational amplifier from oscillating with resistive feedback.
How does an integrated circuit signal information?
By varying the amount of electricity by opening and closing circuits in sequence.
Advantages of large bandwidth?
A very usefull advantage is the exchange of SNR(signal to noise ratio) with Bandwidth...
as on increasing the bandwidth the power required for transmission get reduced to a great extent..
is given by the formula SNR2 ~ (SNR1) B1/B2
AS we can see on increasing the bandwidth the SNR is reduced greatly
Total bandwidth of back to back connectivity between 2 switches.
