First Aid

It is important to protect the cut or wound and save any further loss of blood. If the affected area is a part of the body that can be raised above the level heart then this will slow the flow of blood. Apart from this apply light coverings to the area affected, ensuring that you are not creating further problems, apply a loose fitting bandage and pressure to the wound site to help stem blood loss, then seek urgent medical help from your nearest hospital emergency department without delay.

First Aid for Second-Degree Burns

What are second-degree burns?

Second-degree burns are more serious than first-degree burns because a deeper layer of skin is burned. They can more easily become infected. Also, if the burn affects more than 10% of your skin, you may go into shock because large quantities of fluid are lost from the burned area.

All second-degree burns greater than 2 to 3 inches in diameter should be treated by a medical professional. Smaller burns can usually be treated at home.

What causes second-degree burns?

Second-degree burns are usually caused by:

* deep sunburn

* exposure to flames

* contact with hot liquids

* burning gasoline or kerosene

* contact with chemicals.

What are the symptoms of second-degree burns?

The skin is bright red and blotchy and has blisters. It usually looks wet because of the loss of fluid through the damaged skin.

Second-degree burns are often very painful.

What is the treatment?

The goals of treatment for second-degree burns are easing the pain and preventing infection.

For second-degree heat burns without open blisters, follow these steps:

* Remove jewelry or tight clothing from the burned area before it begins to swell.

* Flush the burn with cool running water or apply cold- water compresses (a wet towel or handkerchief) until the pain lessens. Do not use ice or ice water, which can cause more damage to the burned area.

* Try not to break the blisters. If the blisters break, the exposed skin can become infected.

* Cover the burn with a clean (sterile, if possible), dry, nonfluffy bandage such as a gauze pad. Do not put tape on the burn.

* Do not put ointments, grease, petroleum jelly, butter, or home remedies on the burn. These substances can hold the heat in, making the burn worse.

* Keep burned arms or legs raised to reduce swelling.

* Get medical help for second-degree burns greater than 2 to 3 inches in diameter or for burns on the hands, face, penis, buttocks, or vaginal area.

For second-degree heat burns with open blisters, follow these steps:

* Do not remove clothing if it is stuck to the burn.

* Do not run water over the burn or use water on the bandage because it increases the risk of shock.

* Cover the burn with a clean (sterile, if possible), dry, nonfluffy bandage, such as a gauze pad. Do not put tape on the burn.

For extensive second-degree burns that are more than 2 to 3 inches in diameter, see your doctor.

* You will need extra fluids to replace the large quantities of fluids your body loses through the burned area. Your doctor may give you fluids intravenously (through a tube into your vein).

* Your doctor will prescribe antibiotics because the burned skin can no longer protect your body from infection by airborne bacteria.

* Your doctor will either lightly bandage the burned area with an antibacterial dressing or leave it unbandaged.

* Your doctor will prescribe medicine to kill the pain.

* Your doctor may recommend a skin graft to lessen scarring.

* Your doctor may give you a tetanus booster.

For chemical burns, follow these steps:

* Flush liquid chemicals from your skin thoroughly with running water for 15 to 30 minutes.

* Remove any clothing and jewelry on which the chemical has spilled.

* Brush dry chemicals off the skin if large amounts of water are not available. Small amounts of water will activate some chemicals. Be sure to keep the chemicals away from your eyes.

* Cover the burn with a dry, loose bandage.

How do I take care of a burn?

After you have cleaned and bandaged the burn, leave it alone for at least 24 hours to allow the healing process to begin.

Preventing infection in the exposed skin is an important part of the treatment for second-degree burns. If you have been told to change your bandages, follow these procedures to help prevent infection:

* Wash your hands carefully with soap and water.

* Place the fresh bandage on a clean towel.

* Take off the old bandage gently. Soak it off if it sticks to the burn.

* Wash the burned area gently.

* Check for any changes or worsening of the burned area, such as pus, swelling, or increased redness.

* Apply a thin layer of antibiotic cream to the burn.

* Cover with the clean bandage.

How long will it take a second-degree burn to heal?

Usually, second-degree burns heal in 10 days to 2 weeks. There may be few or no scars if the burn was not too extensive and if infection is prevented.

When should I call a doctor?

See your doctor immediately if you have any of the following:

* fever

* puslike drainage from the burned area

* excessive swelling of the burned area

* increased redness of the skin

* numbness or coolness of the skin beyond the burned area on arms and legs

* a blister filled with greenish or brownish fluid or one that becomes hot again or turns red

* a burn that doesn't heal in 10 days to 2 weeks.

An impaled object is one that has punctured and imbedded into the soft tissue (skin/muscle).

1. Do NOT remove the object. Call 911

2. Find a cup, bucket or some other object to place around the object.

3. Tape or tie down the protecting enclosure.

4. Leave the top open for viewing.

5. Pack with guaze/bandage, if available, to prevent movement if cover is large.

6. Adjust the instructions depending on location and size of impaled object.

Broken ribs generally do not require fixation, but in old individuals when the breathing capacity is diminished a intercostal block can be given to get rid of the pain till the ribs heal by themselves . if there is non union now a days plating of the rib is done. It is a new concept and only few thoracic surgeons are doing it.

The word "siren" comes from Greek mythology. In the Odyssey, the sirens were singing monsters that lured sailors to their deaths with their sumptuous voices.

If it's a distal radius fracture, typical recovery time is about 5 - 6 weeks. after the cast is off, it will be a few weeks before it's back to strength and a few months before it feels like it's yours again. Treat it well whilst in the cast, and never lift anything too heavy with it, be patient, it may be frustrating, but it will help prevent further discomfort int he coming weeks, even years. Good luck and get well soon.

A sprained foot will often induce immediate swelling. It usually happens from coming down on your ankle wrong, or "rolling it." You will notice that with a sprained foot, you can still walk on it, but it is best to elevate it and put ice on it.

It is used when a person is choking on food or a swallowed object, which is blocking the airway to the lungs. The Heimlich compression is an effort to dislodge and regurgitate the food or other object from the throat.

It should show up in xray imagery as a thin white line, especially if the image is taken while the area isn't swollen. Other symtpoms include a large hematoma on top of the patella that is itself topped by a "fat cap" -- fat or marrow from inside the bone that has leaked out and floated to the surface of the hematoma. Also, most fractured patellas are proximally displaced (although other displacements are possible). Lay the patent down and compare to the non-injured patella for positioning. One test for a more seriously fractured patella is to lay the patient on their back and ask them to attempt to perform a leg lift with the injured leg -- no more than 10 degrees, or to the point it hurts. If the patient cannot lift the leg (regardless of pain), this is an indication of a fracture, as the connective tissue bonding the quadriceps to the back of the patella is not getting sufficient leverage to lift the leg. This can be a very painful injury. All evaluation should be performed in a manner that does not increase patient suffering, or skipped altogether. This injury and other patellar injuries like it respond very well to cold packing. 10 minutes on; 10 minutes off.

About 2 weeks to a month. I slightly dislocated my wrist and its kinda hard to type with this splint on. But if its slightly dislocated like mine, I would wear a splint for 1-3 weeks. I'm not a doctor but if you did dislocate it and it's really bad, please see a doctor.

It's kind of hard to tell exactly what you mean by your question but I will give it a shot. Rescue breaths refer to the first two breaths given when finding a person that is both pulseless and apneic (not breathing). when you find a person who appears unconcious you should assess to see if they have a pulse either on their wrist for a peripheral pulse or on the side of their neck for a carotid pulse. if they have a pulse do not start CPR! next move their head slightly back in a maneuver called a head tilt chin lift and bring your head close to their mouth. When you've done this you look, listen, and feel for breathing. meaning you first look to see if their chest is rising and falling, listen to hear if they have air coming out of their mouth,and see if you can feel that breath on your face. If the are not breathing and do not have a pulse you give two quick rescue breaths. i would advise you if interested to start carrying a rescue mask of some kind rather than mouth to mouth. give one breath over a period of about one second and look to make sure the chest is rising and falling when you are doing it. I really hope thisis what you were looking for.

Put it under cold running water and keep clean. If it's bigger than a postage stamp you should seek medical advice.
Apply ice to the effected area as soon as possible, this will reduce the amount of swelling.

the Letters A and B stand for the antigen present in the blood. If no antigen is present it is called type O. A (B) type blood would produce antibodies against A blood. For the body to except foreign blood (FB), the FB must not have the antigen that is different the the bodies antigen

so a person with type A blood can receive blood from a person of blood type A, or O

Doing everything you can to save someones life, without putting yourself in danger.

To stay within the practice that you have training in.

To stay updated on the latest techniques and information.

You are reliable for the information that you know and are able to perform. If anything is out of your line of practice, you shouldn't be performing that act. When you have that first aid training, people are more trusting with you, if such accidents were to happen.

Because of its availability, serious wouds and operating fields are often flushed with Normal Saline, which is 0.9% w/v of NaCl, about 300 mOsm/L (cit. WikiPedia: Saline). This is close to the blood's normal salinity. Note that this is used clinically to clean and disinfect wounds. The body does the healing.

When a person with severe injuries or illnesses, which require emergency department facilities for treatment, are to be transported directly to the Medical. But Persons who are less serious injuries or illnesses should obtain treatment with first aid.

I'm pretty sure it's honey. Honey has been used as an antiseptic ointment throughout history.

It depends entirely on the poison. Without knowing what the poison is, all you can do is make sure you're wearing protective clothing, and be ready to CPR the patient until you get them to a hospital. For instance, is the poison is a strong acid (or any corrosive), I probably don't want to induce vomiting, as the stomach is better suited for handing acidics than the esophagus and mouth are. On the other hand, a slowly dissolving somatic poison with a long onset time and a patient who is acutely awake and aware -- I'd induce vomiting. Generally speaking, First Aid treatment of poisoning mostly means getting them to the hospital ASAP. For posioning questions, you might want to call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222.

A red cross is an internationally-recognized symbol of medical aid. It derives from the reverse of the white cross on the Swiss flag. The Red Cross organization originated in Switzerland in the mid-1800's.

Bleach or (most) other things in the eyes must be rinsed out immediately. It's a must. You absolutely must get to a doctor, but the first aid is lots and lots of water across the eyes. Now. It's first aid, isn't it? This is classic first aid. It is one of a number of things that allows immediate, non-professional intervention to execute the best option for damage control in a situation where life and/or health are at stake. Think about it like this. Picture a hospital custodial employee who was working in an ER lobby reaching down and picking up an open bottle of bleach. His finger slips out of the grip, and the bottle falls a foot or two to the floor to land on its bottom. Liquid bleach splashes up out of the bottle and hits the staffer in his eyes. This happens in an ER setting. A medical staffer (physician, nurse, nursing assistant - or another custodial staffer) will immediately get the individual to a sink and start running water to irrigate the eyes of the affected individual. Just like you would do. It's just that simple.

Flush it out immediately with water. Avoid rubbing your eye or blinking a lot. Crying also helps take off some of this perfume. If your eye is extremely inflamed or you have an allergic reaction, contact a doctor.