How many Nazis were charged with war crimes?
At the "Nuremburg Trials", 19 were convicted of war crimes.
At the "Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals", 143 defendants were found guilty.
Numerous other Nazis - especially those attached to concentration camps were also found guilty of war crimes and/or crimes against humanity but most of them would not qualify as "Nazi leaders" - more like "mid-level and subordinates" or simply military.
Other military leaders were tried for war crimes for extreme measures during the "Battle of the Bulge" - arguably the last major German offensive when they were trying regain the initiative.
For example: GeneralSepp Dietrich, commander of the 6th SS Panzer Army, his chief of staff, General Fritz Krämer, Lieutenant General Hermann Prieß, commander of the I SS Panzer Corps and Colonel Joachim Peiper, commander of the 1st SS Panzer Regiment - the core element of Kampfgruppe Peiper, which conducted the Malmedy massacre - were found guilty of war crimes. These would be considered more "military leaders" than "Nazi Leaders".
What does the term aryan mean and how did the Nazis misuse the term?
The term Aryan refers to a language group. Another name for this language group is Indo-European. The Slavic people and the Celtic people are Caucasian, but they are not in the Aryan language group, so they are not Aryan. The Poles were blond and blue-eyed, but they were Slavic, so they were not Aryan. The original Jews were in the Semitic language group, so they were not Aryan. The Eastern European Jews were members of an Asian race and were not Aryan. The French were a mixed race of Celts and Romans, so they were not Aryan.
The Nazis used the term Aryan to mean the ethnic Germans and other people such as the people in the Netherlands who were in the Aryan language group. Most of the Nazis were from Austria or Bavaria and they were descendants of the German tribe called the Bavarians. The Bavarians typically had dark hair and dark blue eyes or brown eyes. The Nazis admired the Nordic race whose members are typically blond with blue eyes.
What was Hitler's justification for killing the Jews?
He held conspiracy theories, such as that they were not their problem and that they were taking all their money their jobs, or that the Jews were the corse of all the problems E.G not winning in world war one
How did the prisoners at Auschwitz escape?
Summary: physically leaving the camp was not too hard, compared to modern prisons. It was just some barbed wire and a few guards. The difficulty was in staying free. After escaping, you would need help from the resistance and other trustees.
There was no legal or factual way out. There were normal prisons in wartime Germany, which like any other prison you could leave once you had served your time. The camps were a one way prison.
There were however a few ways out. Usually, camp guards were vastly outnumbered by prisoners, and though paradoxically it was safer to be inside and 'hide' in the crowd, escape was not altogether that difficult. The problem was staying out. People managed to cut through or dig under the wires, sneak out in the trunks of trucks and cars or wear costumes and disguises. Others bribed their way out or simply ran for it. All these methods had varying (low) degrees of success. Most survivors simply survived inside until the war was over.
Once escape was detected, there would be punitive actions against the remaining prisoners, another deterrent for would-be escapees.
By far the most difficult aspect was to stay free once outside. After escaping, people found themselves alone and hungry in the middle of occupied territory, hunted down by everyone. Local residents in nearby towns were rewarded with money and food when they turned in escapees.
Look up "Witold Pilecki" on Wikipedia. He is the only man in history to have volunteered to go to a concentration camp. He found it harder to get in than to get out.
Another good reference is 'the way back', a movie about escaping a Siberian concentration camp.
In at least one incredible instance, resistance people managed to smuggle a camera in and out to take pictures.
What happened to pregnant Jews during the holocaust?
They were treated like every other Jew captured no acceptations.
How did Germans explain that Jews needed to be isolated?
The Jews were isolated in Europe in ways such as Jewish quarters and wearing "yellow stars" or the symbol of the Jewish faith. They often put Jews in ghettos.
How did Holocaust denial start?
The Nazi regime itself took steps to hush up the holocaust. The extermination was supposed to be kept secret ... The extermination camps at Belzec and Treblinka were destroyed in 1943 ... When Soviet forces approached Auschwitz, the gas chambers were blown up and records destroyed - by the Nazis. A few mavericks and cranks denied the Holocaust in the 1960s but gained little attention. Holocaust denial on a large scale started in the 1970s. It went hand in hand with claims that Zionists had exaggerated the Holocaust in order to win sympathy internationally for the creation of the state of Israel in 1948. This made Holocaust denial popular in much of the Middle East.
How did the Nazis treat people in the ghettos?
If you mean the communities that they conquered or took over during the war, the reaction was mixed. There was a lot of fear, but after the battles, the resistance was often low, since people didn't want to be harmed under the new regime. Some people resisted secretly, and some people openly welcomed them and agreed with their policies.
How many died all together in the holocaust?
There were close to 12 million deaths at the end of the Holocaust. 6 million were Jews, 5 million were Poles, and the 1 million was made up of Gypsies, Slavs, dissabled, and homosexuals.
What was the first Concentration Camp to be built in the Holocaust?
Buchenwald, though initially it was called Ettersberg (for a couple of weeks or so).
How did people arrived at the Auschwitz Camp?
The inmates of the Auschwitz camps were transported by train more than any other way. The Auschwitz concentration camps were built to handle large numbers of people very efficiently and that included a rail track that ran into Birkenau, one of the camps that made up the Auschwitz complex. Prisoners were offloaded directly into the camp from the train.
During the operation of the concentration camps, more than 7000 staff were assigned to them. They had rather more choice in their mode of transport than the prisoners and many may have traveled by road rather than train.
What were some of the devices used in concentration camps?
If you're asking what kind of devices were used to KILL people in the concentration camps (in Germany during WWII)... Gas chambers were a big thing. The Nazis would make the prisoners take off all their clothes and anything that had value. They told them they were going to take showers, so they put them in a huge room, but when the showers turned on, water did not come out. Gas did. Eventually they all died. Another way they used to kill the prisoners was to make them dig wholes in the ground then they would shoot so they would fall straight back into the whole that they dug ... they were basically forced to dig their own graves.
Why did Hitler hate his country?
He didn't. He didn't want war with Britain but Britain and France declared war on Germany in September 1939.
Corrie ten Boom died on April 15, 1983 at the age of 91.
How long was Corrie ten Boom in Ravensbruck?
From February 1944 until the camp administration released Corrie ten Boom in late December 28th 1944. Betsie (her sister) knew that she would be out before the new year.
Did the US turn Jews away during the war?
No, we treated them like anyone else. (Government wise) I don't know if individual people had their own feelings.
How and why did the Nazi treatment of the Jews change between 1933 and 1945?
Hitler got more confident as the allies kept backing down.
Another AnswerI'm not sure Nazi "policies" could ever be called "cautious." In foreign policy terms, the Nazis were unendingly aggressive, with a long list of bloodless coups. The Rhineland; the Sudetenland, followed by Bohemia/Moravia; Austria; the Danzig corridor. When war finally came, it was almost a predictable extension of Nazi policies.
It was only in the fall of 1939 when the invasion of Poland forced Great Britain and France to "reclassify" what Hitler had been doing for years as "aggression."
What kind of killings were done in the holocaust?
Christians did the killing, they were not the victims.
Various clergy were arrested by the Nazis, after a changeable relationship.
There was a concorde between the Papacy and the Nazis, but this concerned Germany, not Poland where clerics were arrested.
The Protestant Church actually had some clergy who opposed Hitler, but this was all very late, after the war had started. Martin Niemoeller was perhaps the most famous.
My favourite Christian from the Holocaust was Saint Maximilian Kolbe who took the place of someone who was due to die in a 'starvation' cell.
How did Hitler use eugenics to kill the Jews?
eugenics, being a theory was used to justify the persecution of the Jews, the killing was debatably a natural outcome of the Nazis' political philosophy (which included eugenics). The very same theories were being used in the US to deny Jews (and others) entry into the US, but there it did not lead to mass murder, eugenics alone can not account for the killing of the Jews.
What happened to the belongings of the Jews?
No they did not As a mater of fact they even lost their fillings. their hair was used for various reasons. there are many possessions that were the property of Jews and people that were accused of being Jews that are to this day not recovered and returned to the family's of those that were killed. When you were taken as a Jew in Germany during that time for all intents and purposes you ceased to be regarded as a human being.
What prompted the US to enter the war in 1941?
The attack on Pearl Harbor. Pearl Harbor was attacked at 7:55 a.m. on a Sunday morning. Our troops were mostly sleeping or on leave. By the time the attack was over at 9:40 we had 2403 sailors or civilians dead or trapped soon to be lost. Japan we felt was negotiating with us in an effort to prevent a war prior to that point. Our country could not sit by and allow another to attack us, kill our brothers, neighbors, friends, without stepping into the war. We had already been providing funds, and weapons, as well as a few of our pilots willing to fight to our European allies.
The straw that broke the camel's back was the fact that the US was drawn into the European part of WW 2 because Hitler declared war on the US shortly after Pearl Harbor.
This put the US in a tougher position if it only had one theater of war.
Where was Hitler during wannsee conference?
Hitler was not present. The most senior Nazi at the meeting was Heydrich. The Wannsee Conference did not take any policy decisions: it was concerned with co-ordinating the roles of the various agencies involved in carrying out the "Final Solution" (Holocaust), such as the SS, the local police, the railways and so on.
How many Jews were there in Poland in 1939?
According to the Jewish Virtual Library, world Jewish population in 1939 was 16,728,000.
The US Holocaust Memorial indicates that European Jewish population in 1933 was approximately 9.5 million, 60% of world Jewish population (15.3 million) and 1.7% of the overall European population.
What was the percentage of Jews in the concentration camps?
About 8%
Jewish Holocaust SurvivorsFor some reason, a wide range of different figures appear online, which isn't helpful.
It looks to me as if different definitions of "survivor" are being used. The word needs defining carefully, otherwise one ends up talking about quite different groups of people. The usual meaning of the expression "a holocaust survivor" is someone who was sent to a death camp (or equivalent), but was still alive at the end of WWII in Europe or when the camp was liberated. (In other words, Jews and others who had managed to flee to countries like the U.S., Britain, Sweden and the Soviet Union should NOT be included).
The highest figure I've found anywhere is 600,000 and the lowest figure 150,000. This may sound like a huge discrepancy, but of the total number of inmates found alive in Belsen when it was liberated on 15 April 1945, about one quarter died within four weeks. I don't think these unfortunate people should be numbered among the survivors, but others may have different views on this very difficult issue.
Assuming that about 5.7 million Jews were killed (a fairly common figure) and that 0.5 million survived, the percentage of survivors would be:
In the meantime ...
I have discovered that in Israel somewhat broader defintions of "Holocaust survivor" are in use.
The answer on the strict criteria that the question itself asks for is almost certainly closer to 150,000/5,700,000 = 2.63%.