Hormones

Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas.

It is released into the blood when levels of blood sugar (glucose) rise e.g. after a meal containing carbohydrates.

Cells in the body have molecules called receptors on their surface which bind specifically to insulin circulating in the blood. Binding of insulin to the receptors stimulates the cells to absorb glucose from the blood.

The main effect of insulin is therefore to reduce the level of glucose in the blood.

It also stimulates fat tissue (adipose tissue) to absorb lipids.

(See the related link)

collecting duct (system) and late distal tubule

what turns the endocrine on and what turns endocrine of

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine (NE)

Sodium and Potassium.

It depends on the exact hormones in question and the goals of reducing them.

To reduce testosterone in a transsexual person, doctors would prescribe both an anti-androgen and an estrogen drug. Estrogens themselves will reduce testosterone since the feedback loop to the brain will cause less trigger hormones to be released. In turn, the testes would produce less. But high amounts would need to be given to reduce testosterone to female levels. So to get around this in preop (intact testes) transsexual women, androgen blockers are also given. They typically keep the body from being able to use testosterone and similar substances in the body, and some may also reduce the trigger hormones in the brain. So less estrogen is needed to increase female secondary characteristics and reduce testosterone.

If you mean other hormones, there are drugs to block some of them as well. There are drugs to reduce estrogen in women with breast cancer.

Aspirin (acetlysalicylic acid) is an irreversible inhibitor of the cyclo-oxygenase (COX-I and COX-II) enzymes which are responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid into the prostaglandins. It is supposed that this happens due to the acetylation effects of aspirin.

One function of cortisol is to decrease the cellular use of glucose while increasing both the available glucose (by promoting the brakedown of glycogen) and the conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates. Therefore, the net result of elevated cortisol levels would be an elevation of blood glucose.

A person can contract diabetes at any point in their life. Some are born with the disease, while others do not acquire it until they are at an elderly age. My younger cousin caught diabetes when she was 5 years old and my grandmother became diabetic unexpectedly at the age of 64. Anyone at any age can become a diabetic.

Insulin decrease body glucose level.Glucogon increases body glucose level.

Insulin doesn't affect your blood, it captures the sugar that u eat or is produced naturally, and it "eats" the sugar and it controls how high your blood sugar gets so it doesn't get high enough to lead to a coma or death.

Adrenaline and noradrenaline hormones are secreted in stress conditions. During this the blood vessels dilates and the heart rate increases. BUT actually the function of both the hormone is synergistic in raising the blood pressure. These also release glucose from liver and reinforce the effects of sympathetic system. In the absence of these hormones, the stress conditions are diminished.

nothing when my little brother learnt how to undo zips he got into my bag and sucked insulin fron a cartridge and when we took him to hospital and they told use that your stomach acid is stronger than insulin and will destroy it before it can have any affect on you

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That is perfectly true.

Insulin is a type of protein (a hormone), and as all the other protein, insulin is broken down into amino acids (which make up the proteins), started in the stomach, finished in the small intestine. It is absorbed from the small intestine for further use in the body.

Once it is broken down, it becomes just a number of harmless amino acids. That is the reason why insulin has to be injected. If it goes through digestion it is no longer a 'hormone'; it loses all the function of an insulin hormone has, including its affects on blood glucose.

Ghrelin is produced in the stomach and small intestine.

Oxytocin and Antidiuretic Hormone (vasopressin) are made in the hypothalamus but released from the posterior pituitary gland.

Lutinising hormone, Folicle stimulating hormone, Thyroid stimulating hormone, Growth Hormone, Adreno-corticotropic hormone and prolactin are all made and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

Oxytocin-releases milk from breast and maintains contractions in labour.

Antidiuretic hormone- reduces the amount of water lost in urine

LH+FSH- Sex hormones involved in menstral cycle and testosterone/oestrogen production.

TSH - tells the thyroid to make more thyroxine- increases metabolism

Growth hormone- Increases uptake of amino acids into cells, promotes growth via Insulin like growth factors.

Prolactin makes the breasts produce milk.

OTC drugs are not likely to reduce the effectiveness of depo. Cocaine and derivitives of cocaine can worsen the side effects of depo. Vasodilators can also worsen the side effects. Any drug which has effects on the liver could be a problem. The effects of additives and impurities in street drugs are unknown to me in this regard.

it is produced in the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulates the release of thyroxine form the thyroid gland

The removal or destruction of a body part calls for the suffix "-ectomy" appended to the (usually Latin name) of that body part. For example: The removal of the vermiform appendix is an appendectomy.

renin is created by the kidneys which in turn converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 this stimulates the formation of aldosterone to excrete urine. I would say that it increases the urine volume to decrease the plasma volume.

The hypothalamus releases GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone). GnRH stimulates the LH burst in response to positive feedback from increasing estrogen levels.
fsh is secreted by anterior pituitary which triggers the growth of 6-12 follicles each cycle.

Progesterone

Hormones increase at about 10-11 years of age & that is what starts puberty. As Estrogen rises in girls they start developing breasts, and starting a menstrual cycle and looking and acting more feminine.

Males start puberty at about the same age when testosterone increases. They start to develop muscles, their voices drop, and they grow pubic hair & facial hair. and they develop sexual maturity.