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Immune System
This category is for questions about how our bodies identify and fight off disease, infection or pathogens through specialized cells, tissues and organs. The system that does this is called the immune system. It produces antibodies which recognize intruders and neutralizes potentially pathogenic organisms or substances.
4,548 Questions
What is the foreign material called that stimulates the production of an antibody?
do you mean antigens? An antigen is any (foreign) substance that stimulates an immune reaction.
What is a skeletal and muscular system doctor called?
Orthopedic surgeons operate on and manage problems with the musculoskeletal system. Related specialties that also deal with the musculoskeletal system include physiatrists, family practitioners, podiatrists, etc.
Can you live without antibodies?
You can catch the disease. Your immune system will deal with the invading microorganisms and develop antibodies to tackle the disease next time you encounter it.
Of course, there are some diseases you just wouldn't want to catch. That is why vaccination is so useful.
Some diseases cannot be vaccinated against because the microbes change so quickly that the antibodies soon become unsuitable to kill the microbe.
Improved Answer:
Many doctors and nurses treating infectious diseases have not gotten the infection. With their knowledge they seem to have an immunity of sorts, they are just more confident with it.
The idea and methods of vaccination, at least the first widely successful vaccinations, were started with Dr. Edward Jenner about 1796 for small pox. He became so confident that by 1806 he prophecised that with vaccination technology small pox could be eliminated on the planet. In about 1979 is had been. But before his 'vaccination' technology, something else was used. It was called: Variolation.
Variolation is something like a vaccination. It was used from about 1232 BC by the Chinese, and was pretty much unknown to Europe which lost 70 million people in one year I think. You start with a healthy person and you slice open his arm. You then place some matter (pus, and probably antibodies too.) from an actual case of small pox into the wound. The person usally gets a mild case of small pox for about 30 days and immunity to it. A small percentage get gravely ill or die. The mortality for small pox I believe was about 30% or caucasions, but much closer to 100% for Indians and blacks. Thomas Jefferson wrote that the British 'freed' 30,000 black slaves and placed them in an internment camp intending to have them serve the British Army. The camp came down with small pox and 28,000 died.
There are other 'non-germ' theories of disease. One is that germs are around us all the time and people rarely get sick. When one is overly tired, poorly fed or dehydrated or suppressed mentally and emotionally then they get ill with a germ that was there all along. The idea is that if one handles the factor that caused it, then the illness vanishes. Say a child was being abused by a brutish adult and gets ill often. The child is relocated to a safe place, realizes the exact nature of the suppresive person, resolves to handle the person even if only slightly, and the child gets well seemingly miraculously.
When the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen?
Tolerance exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen. All cells and tissues in the body contain antigens that normally do not stimulate an immune response. The immune system is said to exhibit tolerance toward such antigens.
What happens when pathogens enter the digestive system?
Well first your anabiolic acids meet up with your nucleotides then it causes a serious chemical reaction that causes you sex cells to decentigrate and have an extremely high chance of having 3 number 21 chromosomes, Which happened to your mum. (in retard language your mum has issue gaga poopoo)
How does HIV infect immune cells?
In my study of HIV; It depends on what type of cells you are talking about? There are several kinds of cells each with different functions on and in your body. Skin cells, Bone cells, muscle cells, blood cells, etc... The issue with HIV is that with white blood cells and T-Cells. White blood cells are your own personal army for fighting diseases. But they need instructions on how to fight and a weapon to use. This is where T-cells come in. They are basically the recon marines. They go out and identify what is causing harm to your body. Unfortunately, HIV kills these cells thus recon never informs your body on how to fight HIV. And with your T-Cell numbers dropping, your body starts to lose the ability to fight other diseases your body knows how to fight i.e a person with full blown AIDS means that they have lost a significant ability to fight off disease from their body. A common cold could lead to death. A simple scratch can turn into a serious infection and lead to death. Don't be "afraid" though, HIV is not airborne that I know of, and does not survive in an environment outside of conditions reflecting that of your body. Though wash your hands, avoid contact with body fluids (a case was made and proven with a dentist and a patient some years ago where HIV was spread) You can learn more on HIV from hiv.org If the HIV virus "has contact with cells" in a living person, and these cells are within the body, it means that the person is infected with the HIV virus. What about outside the body on, say, the skin? The virus does very poorly outside a human host and cannot survive long. But that doesn't mean we want it in contact even with our skin. We've all seen first responders in emergency situations wearing gloves and even the arm shields. Some even wear eye protection to keep fluids out of the eyes. That's for real. Any contact with body fluids of another in an uncertain situation is to be avoided. The HIV virus should not be allowed to have "contact with [the] cells" of anyone who wishes to avoid infection. As the question isn't specific, only a general answer can be given.
How pathogens enter the body by direct contact?
Direct contact includes touching, biting, kissing, and sexual contact.
an allergic reaction
What is antigen hypersensitivity?
Hypersensitivity describes associate abnormal or pathologic reaction that's caused by associate immunologic response to perennial exposure to associate matter. Hypersensitivity diseases embrace response diseases, during which immune responses area unit directed against self-antigens, AND diseases that result from uncontrolled or excessive responses to foreign antigens. as a result of these reactions tend to occur against antigens that can't be loose (i.e. self-antigens) and since of regeneration systems intrinsic to numerous aspects of the immunologic response, hypersensitivity diseases tend to manifest as chronic issues.
Are the genes coding for one antibody entirely different from those coding for a different antibody?
no, not entirely. Each antibody (Immunoglobulin, "Ig") has both 2 constant regions referred to as "heavy hains" and 2 variable regions referred to as "light chains". The structure of the heavy chains remain the same between the different antibody structures. However, the light chains differ in structure enabling them to respond differently to different specific antigens introduced to the cellular membrane.
The type of leukocyte that becomes a macrophage is a monocyte. Macrophages are cells that digest cellular debris and pathogens.
What is the difference between autoimmune and immune deficiency?
The breakdown of the body's ability to fight off infections. It is known as AIDS
IN RESPONSE TO ABOVE ANSWER
AGAIN AUTO IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME IS DIFFERENT THAN AIDS. PLEASE GET YOUR FACTS STRAIGHT.
AUTO IMMUNE DEFICIENCY ---SEE THIS WEBSITE:
http://immunedisease.com/about-pi/types-of-pi/
I. Auto immune problems occur when the body attacks its own organs or systems.
II. Immune deficiency can be acquired, or primary. (Not all are "known as AIDS" as answer above wrongly states.)
A. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is developed after acquisition of HIV.
B. Primary Immune Deficiency Disease is still being researched, but can be either inherited or caused by chromosomal changes. There are many forms; Please see the Immune Deficiency Foundation website for more information.
How an immune response starts after a macrophage attacks a pathogen?
DICKS AND BALLs in your mouth also A 2 incher in the mouth
What actively phagocytic leukocytes?
To ingest invading microorganisms that have breached external defenses.
Does your body make antibodies or antibiotics?
Molecules in the blood or secretory fluids that stub, destroy, or neutralize germs, viruses, or other poisonous toxins (see Antigens). They are members of a class of proteins agreed as immunoglobulins, which are produced and secreted by B lymphocytes in response to stimulation by antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen. below are some anitbodies.
Control Immunoglobulin Antibodies
p53 Network Antibodies
Alzheimer's Disease Antibodies
Anthrax Antibodies
Apoptosis Antibodies
Avian Influenza Antibodies
Chemokine Antibodies
Cytokine Antibodies
Dengue Virus Antibodies
Down's Syndrome Antibodies
Growth Factor Antibodies
Hepatitis B Virus Antibodies
Herpes Antibodies
HIV Antibodies and HIV Related Antibodies
Homeostasis Antibodies
Huntington's Disease Antibodies
Immunology Antibodies
Innate Immunity Antibodies
Neurobiology Antibodies
Obesity Antibodies
Parkinson's Disease Antibodies
Phospho-Specific Antibodies
SARS Antibodies and SARS Receptor Antibodies
Signal Transduction Antibodies
Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Related Antibodies
Virus Related Antibodies
West Nile Virus Antibodies
Medicines created using microbes or fungi that are helpless and taken into the body to destroy insanitary bacteria.
Drugs used to treat infection.Drugs that argue infection caused by microbes. Antibiotic drugs include amikacin, amoxicillin (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid), ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, imipenem, metronidazole, novobiocin, penicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole I know an antibody is something your bodies produces itself to fight past its sell-by date viruses
Read the other answers for antibiotic, seem I was wrong for that one To net if simple, antibodies are what your body produces to combat an infection whether bacterial or viral while an antibiotic is a substance taken in any through IV, orally, topically, etc . that is to say used to fight an infection. An Antibiotic is a drug used to quarrel off an infection, and antibody is a protein compound your body manufacture in response to a foreign reason in your body, this can be tissue related or a virus. Is we produce antibodies to cold and flu virus, where as we cart an antibiotic to fight bacterial infections. Antibiotics do not work against virus and we do not produce antibodies to bacteria. Antibiotics usually work by breaking down the cell wall of the microbes disabling their ability to reproduce, virus are less complex and do not hold a true cell wall so we produce an antibody against their DNA, and eventually stop them from reproducing as well. Antibodies travel round your body and produce antigens to murder a cold or whatever is wrong next to you.
and an antibiotic is like a boost for your antigens .. it technique that your antigens might not have the right "code" to massacre the cold so the antibiotic just help it make more
hope i help An antibiotic is a drug that kills or prevents the growth of microbes. They have no effect against virus or fungal infections.
An antibody or immunoglobulin is a large Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects close to bacteria and virus.
Please see the web page for more details on Antibiotics and Antibody. antibodies are inside ur body whih fight against the germs to hold on to us healthy ....... weras antibiotic is an external supply (medicine) to strenthen ur body against any viral germs A type of protein made by plasma cell (a type of white blood cell) in response to an antigen (foreign substance). Each antibody can bind to simply one specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help verbs the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the disposition of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others gross it easier for white blood cells to verbs the antigen. Antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by microorganism which has the dimensions to inhibit the growth of or kill other microorganisms, used to treat infectious diseases. antibiotic is predominantly refered to some kind of molecule or substance and more habitually a drug which effectively inhibits the growth of a microbe that tries to grow inside our body or some animals body and it is generally administered from outside whereas antibody is a self synthesized molecule by the body which is outstandingly specific against a foreign substance when it enters the body and it is a bit of our own immune system.
How do i know for sure if i have the measles?
Measles is a very contagious viral infection that causes a rash all over your body. Measles can lead to serious health problems such as pneumonia, and in rare cases, it can cause seizures or meningitis. If you experience symptoms like rash, coughing, and seizures, you will have to consult a doctor.
What are Weak pathogens injected into your blood called?
Some vaccines are really just a weakened form of the disease. These are called attenuated vaccines.
Immunity produced by the injection of gamma globulin is known as?
Passive immunity. Active immunity is when antibody is produced after being infected by a disease.
What two pathogens are the most likely to cause most human diseases?
A pathogen (Greek pathos (suffering/emotion) and gene (to give birth to)) or infectious agent is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host.[1] The term is most often used for agents that disrupt the normal physiology of a multicellular animal or plant. However, pathogens can infect unicellular organisms from all of the biological kingdoms. The term pathogen is derived from the Greek παθογένεια, "that which produces suffering." There are several substrates and pathways where by pathogens can invade a host; the principal pathways have different episodic time frames, but soil contamination has the longest or most persistent potential for harboring a pathogen. The body contains many natural defenses against some of the common pathogens (such as Pneumocystis) in the form of the human immune system and by some "helpful" bacteria present in the human body's normal flora. However, if the immune system or "good" bacteria is damaged in any way (such as by chemotherapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or antibiotics being taken to kill other pathogens), pathogenic bacteria that were being held at bay can proliferate and cause harm to the host. Such cases are called opportunistic infections. Some pathogens (such as the bacterium Yersinia pestis, which may have caused the Black Plague, the Variola virus, and the malaria protozoa) have been responsible for massive numbers of casualties and have had numerous effects on afflicted groups. Of particular note in modern times is HIV, which is known to have infected several million humans globally, along with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Influenza virus. Today, while many medical advances have been made to safeguard against infection by pathogens, through the use of vaccination, antibiotics, and fungicide, pathogens continue to threaten human life. Social advances such as food safety, hygiene, and water treatment have reduced the threat from some pathogens.
How does the respiratory system interact with the endocrine system?
the endocrine system works with the respiratory system by making changes to your body for example when the parts in your respiratory system grow that is the growth hormones from your endocrine system working with your respiratory system.
How is sweat part of the immune system?
Sweat isn't so much part of the 'immune' system, as the 'defense' system.
Your body has three lines of defense
The first is the skin
The second is sweat, hair and white blood cells.
Sweat helps keep you cool, but when you get hotter, your skin pores open up more, and sweat on top of these prevents alot of airborne bacteria getting into your bloodstream via that.
If you wanted to know, the third is your bodies antibodies!
Contrast between agglutinin and agglutinogen?
When the immune system cause cross linking of cells or particles an agglutination reaction occurs and the responsible antibody is an agglutinin
Agglutinogens are
1. any substance that, acting as an antigen, stimulates the production of agglutinin.
2. the particulate antigen used in conducting agglutination tests.
