Industrial Electricity and Electronics

To answer this question is beyond the scope of this site. Your best bet is to go to the Siemens web site and ask the question there. They have a PDF file that explains it all.

Grounding the aircraft.

In electronic circuits, Vss is ground or 0v and Vdd is the the positive supply. The s and d come from the source and drain connections on MOS transistor devices. In a similar way Vcc is also the positive supply, the c coming from the collector on bipolar transistors. The terms Vcc and Vdd are normally interchangeable.

Thermoelectricity is electricity generated with the thermoelectric effect. Essentially, when you heat one end of a suitable material, the electrons move away from the heat, creating an electric current. It is not terribly efficient, but thermoelectric generators are often used to capture waste heat.

It can also refer to electricity produced by a thermoelectric power plant, where heat (usually in the form of steam) from burning some material, usually one of the fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), but also biomass, biogas, or even garbage, generates electricity.

Some epoxy encapsulation materials can be made to crumble into dust with the following method:

slowly heat the material in an oven or with a heat gun until it emits an odor. You do not need to burn it but only cause it to out-gas and decompose slowly. If a vacuum oven is used the process will require less time. After several minutes to several hours (depending on the size), the decomposed resin can be removed by gentle scraping, brushing or even with a blast of compressed air. Bear in mind that the applied heat may very possibly damage the internal circuitry. A vacuum oven is best because not as much heat is required.

If you have electronics design abilities and access to an x-ray system equipped with a microfocus x-ray tube, you can look inside and copy the internal circuit. I have done this and it actually allows you to draw a schematic diagram of the encapsulated unit. That lets you gain a good understanding of the original so you can make a functional copy. If however, there is a lot of complexity, you might save a lot of money to purchase a new unit. After all, they encapsulated it to protect intellectual property because they want to be paid for their work.

A remote racking device is the name of a safety device that is fitted to ensure a circuit breaker cannot be racked out when closed.

Slightly dimmly

High voltage switch gear operates in the voltage range of 36 kV and above. Minimum oil circuit breaker, air blast circuit breaker and SF6 (Sulphur hexafluoride) circuit breaker are the three mostly used disconnects for high voltage switchgear.

It is called a plasma discharge. It happens when a high voltage, pole top, air switch is opened under load and the current does not immediately stop but conducts through the air as the switch pole faces become further apart. Eventually the resistance of the air-gap overcomes the current flow and the plasma discharge extinguishes itself. These flash overs are hard on the contact points on the switch so long rods (called horns) are placed on the switch contacts so that as the contacts separate, the plasma discharge is drawn away from the contact and up the rods (horns) until the flash over stops. These types of switches are called horn gap switches.

A lighting contactor is a special contactor that is used only for control lighting installations. The contact ratings are incandescent rating and not to be used for motor control. The contactor allows banks of lights to be controlled by one device. The controlling devices could be switches, computers or photocells to bring the lights on at any preset times.

<<>>

A Contactor used to supply the Power to the lights

The size of grounding wires is dependant upon what the motor current category the motor fall into. The higher the motor amperage is, the higher the fault current will be so the larger the conductor size has to be to carry the fault current.

To distribute power over that many buildings, depending of the spacing of the buildings, a primary line distribution should be used. At regular intervals a step down transformer will be connected to the primary line to bring the voltage potential down to a usable voltage as required by the buildings. One transformer may be able to do more than one building depending on what each building's calculated connected load is rated at.

The ratio of active power (real power) and apparent power is called power factor

( pf ).

Power Factor ( pf ) = Active Power / Apparent Power

= .................. ( kvar )

An electric current through a resistive circuit can be increased by decreasing the resistive load or increasing the voltage of the circuit.

The type of wire you are looking for is called lamp cord. It comes in different colours usually to match the fixture. Fixtures hanging from chains use a clear insulation so as to blend in with the fixture chain colour. Remember that the smooth wire of the lamp cord connects to the hot wire and the ribbed wire on the lamp cord connects to the neutral wire in the ceiling junction box.

Would have to know the current rating of the motor or each of the phases on the motor when running. 3 Phase motors usually use mucvh less current than their single phase counterparts. My son has a lot of 3 phase equipment in his shop and most of them run under 5 amps per leg. But you really need those specs from the motor.

The commutator is the moving part of the electrical switch in motors that reverses the current direction between the rotor and the external circuit. This is applicable in electrical motors and electrical generators.

Abdul Raheem Khan

OMNICABLE

+971-55-5891974

A tradesman is only as good as the tool that he has to work with. Having the right tools to do the job make you efficient at what you are doing. Not having the right tools makes the tradesman look incompetent and gives the impression to the customer that he is not getting his moneys worth. Having the right tools stops the frustration of trying to make-do to complete the job.

In the near future, most electricity will come from hydroelectric, Solar and Wind energy technology and or a mixture of all

Increased wire or cable length causes the voltage to drop, this loss of charge is converted to heat and can cause electrical fires and damage to electronics.

It will not work at all.

The use of a star delta starter is for motor control only and not resistive heating loads. This type of starter is used to dampen the inrush current by using a lower voltage to start the motor.

To trouble shoot a device the problem with the device has to be stated. With a UPS the first thing to check is the batteries.