Laboratory Testing

A light blue top tube containing 3.2% sodium citrate is typically used to collect blood for PT/INR testing. The sodium citrate acts as an anticoagulant to prevent blood clotting and ensures accurate results. It is important to follow the exact collection procedures specified by the laboratory to avoid any potential issues with the test results.

A whole uncut strawberry will take longer to spoil compared to a cut strawberry. This is because cutting the strawberry exposes more surface area to air and microbes, accelerating the spoilage process.

A blood test for STDs can help diagnose various sexually transmitted infections such as HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C. The specific diagnosis will depend on the type of infection detected in the blood sample.

A CBC (complete blood count) test is used to measure the levels of different components in the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It helps healthcare providers diagnose medical conditions such as anemia, infection, and blood disorders.

The test for proteins is called the Biuret test. This test is based on the principle that proteins react with copper sulfate in an alkaline solution to produce a violet color.

Serous tissues secrete a fluid that lubricates to minimize friction from muscle movement. There are many organs in our body that have serous tissues in it like the heart and the stomach, without the secreted fluid these tissues, these organs will be dry.

Elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV) levels can be caused by conditions such as vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, alcoholism, hypothyroidism, liver disease, and certain types of anemia like megaloblastic anemia. It is important to consult a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and management if MCV levels are elevated.

Stiffness in a finger with normal inflammatory markers and a weak positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) could indicate a potential autoimmune condition like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. However, further evaluation by a rheumatologist may be needed to determine the exact cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

A blood culture test is used to check for bacterial growth in the blood. During this test, a sample of blood is taken and placed in a culture medium to see if any bacteria present in the blood can grow in the lab. It helps diagnose bacterial infections in the bloodstream.

NEUT in a complete blood count with differential refers to neutrophils, which are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the body's immune response to infections. Elevated levels of NEUT can indicate an ongoing infection, inflammation, or stress response.

The nuclear membrane in the human body is similar to the skin, as it acts as a protective barrier that controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell nucleus, much like how the skin acts as a barrier for the rest of the body.

The pores in the nuclear envelope provide a passageway for the movement of molecules such as proteins, RNA, and signaling molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This allows for communication and coordination between the nucleus and the rest of the cell.

CRISPR technology allows scientists to edit genes and potentially manipulate inherited diseases by altering the DNA sequence. This technology enables targeted changes to specific genes that may be causing genetic disorders. Additionally, gene therapy approaches can introduce healthy genes to replace or correct defective ones in affected individuals.

In a flame test lab, various metal ions are tested by placing a small sample of the compound in a flame, which produces a characteristic color. This color is due to the electrons in the metal ion moving to higher energy levels and then back down to their ground state, emitting light of a specific wavelength. By observing the color produced, one can identify the metal ion present in the compound.

The nucleolus is a structure found inside the nucleus of the cell. It plays a crucial role in the production of ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis. In the human body, the nucleolus is present in most cells that actively produce proteins.

You should typically fast for 8-12 hours before having bloodwork done. This allows for accurate measurements of blood sugar, cholesterol, and other factors that can be affected by food intake. Be sure to follow any specific fasting instructions provided by your healthcare provider.

An abnormality in the differential part of a complete blood count (CBC) usually refers to changes in the types and percentages of white blood cells (WBC). This can indicate infections, inflammation, immune system disorders, or other underlying health conditions. Further evaluation by a healthcare provider may be needed to determine the cause of the abnormality.

The one gene-one polypeptide theory states that for every gene one protein is synthesized n a cell. This theory has lost favor with the discoveries of post-translational modification, protein splicing and epigenetics, all of which support the production of multiple protein products from a single gene.

A blood CPK value of 1000 is high and may indicate muscle damage or injury. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the cause of the elevated CPK level and to develop a treatment plan if necessary. Factors such as strenuous exercise, muscle trauma, or certain medications can contribute to elevated CPK levels.

No, the liquid portion of a specimen collected in a tube containing EDTA is plasma. Serum is the liquid portion of a blood sample collected in a tube without anticoagulant. EDTA is an anticoagulant that prevents blood clotting by chelating calcium ions.

An abnormal result on a complete blood count (CBC) can indicate a variety of conditions, including infection, anemia, autoimmune disorders, leukemia, or other blood-related diseases. It is important to interpret abnormal CBC results in the context of the patient's overall health and medical history for a proper diagnosis.

There are several types of aminoaciduria, including cystinuria, Hartnup disease, and Lowe syndrome. Cystinuria involves the excessive excretion of cystine in the urine, while Hartnup disease is characterized by the impaired absorption of amino acids. Lowe syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects various systems in the body, including the kidneys.

Normal results for a Bence Jones protein test should show no detectable levels of Bence Jones protein in the urine, indicating a healthy kidney function and no abnormal protein excretion. If Bence Jones protein is present in the urine, further investigation may be needed to determine the underlying cause.

Disrupted or obstructed blood flow through the neck arteries may indicate the person is a risk of having a stroke. (Narrowed arterial flow in the legs does not necessarily indicate a risk of stroke.)