Linux

The 'compress' command is normally supplied in all Unix and Linux distributions. The Gzip protocol is also very common, as is the original pkzip format.

7z is also used along with others, but those are the most popular.

No. In operating systems a user never interacts directly with the kernel.

The kernel is the core of the operating system. It's job is to maintain kernelspace and to facilitate process management, memory management, hardware access control, and interprocess communication. Not to mention provide a framework for device drivers and the hardware abstraction that results.

There's not only no direct line between the user and the kernel, there's absolutely no purpose in a user interacting with it. The kernel only gets "messages" from the user through system calls, which are made through low level libraries like glibc by userspace applications, not by the user.

The use of a Linux Virtual Machine is to run a copy of Linux on your current operation system. This will allow you to run various applications that only run on Linux.

ps - report process status

ps gives a snapshot of the current processes. If you want a repetitive update of this status, use top. This man page documents the /proc-based version of ps, or tries to.

A zombie process is one that should have closed, but is still active in the process table. This is usually caused when a parent process that spawned the process has not yet realized that it has completed, or wants to create another process of the same name without using the same process ID.

In general each command in a script file is on a separate line, so it is terminated with a line terminator character (put it automatically when you press the Enter key).

Unlike some programming languages, a script file does not need a special terminator for the end of the line.

The TT session generally lasts about 20-30 minutes. Although the name is therapeutic touch, there is generally no touching of the physical body, only the energetic body or field. It is usually performed on fully clothed patients who are.

Unix is the name of both a general specification for an operating system to meet, and the first system to meet that specification. Xenix is an implementation made by Microsoft in the late 1980s that met the Unix specification.

The 'mount' command with no options will list out all of the mounted filesystems currently in use and their 'mount' options.

This command is used by the administrator to make available partitions that are currently offline.

the compiled kernel should be in the /boot/ directory. if you have the source, that should be at /usr/src

There is a program known as "calibre" that should be capable of opening and reading non-DRM.lit files. There is also a command-line utility in most repositories known as "convlit" that can convert them to HTML files.

please give me a further explanation about utilities, its importance and significance.

what is the role of suseconfig is suse os configuration

There are actually quite a few methods from which you could get a Linux system going from Windows. These are:

1. Use a virtual machine.

A virtual machine allows you to run an operating system inside of a window on top of another system. This offers good performance for non-gaming applications, and is usually the most popular option. Programs to accomplish this include VirtualBox (free), VirtualPC (free, but refuses to work on certain editions of Windows), VMWare ($$$), and Parallels Workstation ($$$).

2. Use an emulator.

Probably the slowest method. Bochs and QEMU can be used for this purpose. However, they are not very user friendly. Depending on your computer, the operating system will typically run at 1/3 to 1/2 of the expected speed.

3. Launch the program from DOS

In Windows 95, 98, and possibly ME, you can use Loadlin. Loadlin is a program to launch Linux from DOS. what you would do is create a batch file to launch Loadlin with it's appropriate parameters, and tell Windows to exit to DOS to launch this program.

4. Use coLinux to run cooperatively with Windows.

This is by far the strangest method, and not recommeded for new users. It uses a modified kernel that works with the Windows NT kernel to share resources. After it is launched,you have to use additional tools like PuTTy and Xming to launch applications. Worth trying, but due to other, easier methods existing, it's not the best option under most circumstances.

There have been 6 major versions. As of the time of this writing, the current stable release is Windows 7 (however, note that the internal version number is actually NT 6.1). Windows 8 (version NT 6.2) is currently in development.

For most major versions, there have been a few "minor" versions. This was evident in the name up to Windows 3.x. However, commercial branding has made the less evident since the introduction of Windows 95, which shared the same major version number (which was 4.x) with Windows 98 and Windows Me, for example. Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003 all were version NT 5.x. And finally, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows Server 2008 are all version NT 6.x.

To complicate things a little further, Microsoft started developing Windows NT, geared more toward business users, alongside the main line of Windows versions. This began with the initial release of Windows NT 3.1 in 1993. The Windows NT line was merged into (or, perhaps more properly, transformed into) the main line of Windows releases beginning with NT 5.1, also known as Windows XP. This was the first version of Windows NT to feature both Home and Professional editions, making it successor to both Windows 2000 (business oriented) and Windows Me (consumer oriented).

Most Unix systems no longer store the passwords in the password file; it is stored in a private file called /etc/shadow, only accessible by the root account. The passwords are stored in encrypted form in that file.

Linux has broad support for a wide range of devices and platforms, so there is no single computer that is "best" suited overall. Generally speaking, any motherboard will "work;" ones with Intel processors and chipsets will probably offer the best performance and stability. Intel graphics cards should work out of the box on any distribution; NVIDIA makes excellent (though proprietary) drivers for their cards. It is probably best to avoid ATI cards and graphics. Virtually all Ethernet adapters work; wireless cards from Intel and Linksys usually have drivers available.

scp plum:.bashrc .bashrc

Some advantages Windows has is its more familiar to people and thus considered the mos "user friendly." Its monopoly on the desktop tends to mean that just about any tech support professionals will be most familiar with it. If you're a gamer its got the best and the most PC games made by professionals.

Disadvantages: It's slow, bloated, inefficient, has poor memory management, very insecure, tends to be unstable. It is proprietary, meaning only Microsoft can actually improve it in the ways that matter, and they've demonstrated no interest in doing so for the longest time. It is also not very flexible and scalable at all. Because of this, its a poor choice for most applications, even on the desktop, but its support for things such as servers, mobile, and embedded are a nightmare. It's nonexistent on supercomputers or robotics, and on extremely mission-critical applications, it is frequently passed over for Linux. Things such as the military, stock market, and healthcare industry especially make a policy of avoiding Windows on anything crucial to their operations and tend to use Linux instead due to Windows being unreliable at the best of times. It is also the most expensive operating system in the market by far.

Linux Advantages: It's the third most common operating system in the world, and it is also the fastest growing. This makes it familiar to a growing amount of people. Linux actually has the widest hardware, software, platform, and tech support base of any operating system in computer science history, and can even be installed on things many people would never consider: Xbox, Wii, PS3, Palm Pilots, even Microwave ovens and toasters! Its two top desktop environments (GNOME and KDE) are actually what make Linux better in a lot of ways than Windows on the desktop. Not the least of which is giving the user far more choice and flexibility while still retaining "user friendliness." Out of the box, it supports far more hardware than Windows does out of the box. Outside of the desktop, Linux is very strong and very dominant, especially in the server, embedded, and supercomputer markets, a testament to its security and power. Speaking of which, it is the exact opposite of Windows when it comes to size, efficiency, security, and reliability. In another 5-10 years, Linux will probably have the absolute best hardware support in every category as hardware manufacturers learn that they can support Linux for next to no cost in just a few ways: 1. They can just release specs and let the open source community make their drivers for them, which won't actually cost them a dime. 2. They can hire just a couple developers for open source drivers, and still have a massive developer base around their driver as the rest f the community pitches in. 3. They can just leave it well enough alone and allow the Linux developers reverse engineer the hardware. This is not the best way for Linx developers as its a decidedly uncooperative approach taken by many hardware manufacturers. 4. They can just make a small department dedicated full-time to Linux drivers, usually binary blobs. This is nVidia's approach. Sometimes proprietary drivers support hardware very well in Linux, sometimes not. You will get tech support from a much more helpful and reliable place: The entire Linux community. Almost all the Linux distributions are free of charge, and those that are commercialized never cost more than $50. And their commercial tech support, whenever you can actually have it, is usually far more effective and helpful than the typical commercial Windows tech support. Also, if you runa business, a Linux-based infrastructure is the best. It's, reliable, secure, and if you have the money, you have IBM in your corner giving you the best business infrastructure support and consulting money can buy.

Linux Disadvantages: It is not a strong gaming environment. Not for a lack of technology, but just a lack of general developer interest. Also, though it has a lot more support for hardware than Windows, often (But not usually) the individual support for hardware can be missing parts. This can't really be blamed on Linux but, again, a lack of manufacturer interest in the platform. It wasn't until about 5 years ago anyone took Linux seriously as a desktop option (It always has been a strong, preferred server option, however.). Currently some hardware manufacturers completely ignore Linux even after it has proven desktop viable. This typically won't stop drivers from coming around, but it means that the driver might take a long time as the developers are forced to reverse engineer the hardware. Due to Windows monopoly and desktop PCs almost always being designed around Windows, you're not likely to get anything useful from tech support if you use Linux. This isn't too big a disadvantage as most professional tech support actually does operate on a corporate agenda and will try to enforce a status quo on you.

If you ask my opinion, unless you want to game hard on this machine, go Linux exclusively, there's nothing Windows will offer you that Linux doesn't provide better cheaper(If not entirely free.). If you plan to do anything else, Linux is the best option. Servers love it, so do supercomputers. And now, with Android, cell phones use it, too.

Have you tried simply loading windows XP. Windows XP also formats your hard drive for you. If you have any data you want to keep make sure and back it up cause Windows XP will erase everything.

I don't think you can.

Here is what is compatible with putting Linux into you're iPod....

(What I'm trying to say is that this is the versions that can do the project and which can't)

1st Generation iPod - WORKS

2nd Generation iPod - WORKS

3rd Generation iPod - WORKS

1st Generation iPod nano - WORKS

2nd Generation iPod nano - DOESN'T

5th Generation iPod (Video) - COMES WITH BUGS

Note this: 1st-3rd Generation iPods are the type YOU want to use for thus operation.

Linux itself makes no profit, it's an operating system. Further, no one company or individual develops it.

As for how companies who develop for Linux make profit: It's often through support contracts and services. Also, nothing in the GPL stops Linux from being sold by anyone.