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Linux

A free and open-source family of operating systems first started in 1991 and named after its creator, Linus Torvalds.

2,239 Questions

What is Linux hardening?

It's process of making Linux even more secure. There are many ways to do that - from tweaking network policies to installing and configuring kernel security modules.

For a desktop PC or a small home server, you don't need to worry about that since Linux is already secure enough by default.

How do you check NFS mounts on HP-UX 11.23?

It depends on what you are checking. You can use the 'df' command to see what is currently mounted via NFS and the 'mount' command (or check /etc/fstab) for mountable file systems.

What is the general syntax of the BASH command line?

The general syntax of a BASH command line consists of a command followed by options and arguments. It typically follows the structure: command [options] [arguments]. Commands can include built-in commands, scripts, or executable files, while options usually begin with a dash (-) and modify the command's behavior. Arguments provide additional information or specify targets for the command.

What software is used by Linux in spread sheet?

There are several, but by far the most prominant for Linux would be LibreOffiice Calc.

What does wild card stand for in Linux?

What they mean in any computing terminology: A way to allow the computer to match ANY character (Or series of characters) to where your wildcard is.

A ? wildcard allows the system to figure out a single letter in its place, for example:

d?g might get you a list containing dog, dig, or dug, but NOT dang, or dung, as those are multiple character substitutions.

d*g would get you everything d?g would find, but also throw in any word matches that could fit involving any number of letters in its place while still being a recognized word, for example the command:

rm -v *.pkg*

would remove ANY file in the current directory you have permissions to modify that has ".pkg" ANYWHERE in its name, as it can match any number of letter preceding or following. Thus, rm -v * would remove ALL files it can see that you have access to non recursively. Naturally I don't need to warn you about the dangers of using a powerful and dangerous Linux command as root with a wildcard, as you can cause irreparable damage to your system.

How do I play Runescape with an Aspire One Acer Linux laptop?

Make sure you download the latest version of java, if you have and still can't play (like i had to do) read this page:

http://macles.blogspot.com/2008/09/installing-sun-java-on-acer-aspire-one.html

Ps:i did not make the above site

Pss: Add me on runescape! my user is Bunniepopz =P

What is kernel?

A kernel is the core program that runs programs and manages hardware devices, such as disks and printers. It executes the commands which provide by environment.

What process was first used to install software on Linux systems?

The first method (and similar to that still use by some distros like Slackware) is a simple tarball (.tar.gz file). Extracting this into your root file system would install the library or binary.

Another method, if you already had a working compiler, was to compile the software yourself. The ./configure, make, make install was fairly commonplace in the early days of Linux. You can thank Debian for making life easier.

How do you install Apache on SUSE Linux?

1. Click the green gecko.

2. Select System > YaST

3. Enter your password

4. Click "Software"

5. Enter "apache" in the search box

6. Select "apache2" from the list.

7. Click Accept.

Can you use norton with Linux?

Yes - and No...

There is no home edition of Norton for Linux that I know of. However, there is an enterprise edition of Antivirus for Linux.

What is the name of a password file in Linux?

User account information can be found inside /etc/passwd file; the password field is the second one using ":" as the field delimiter.

In case the password there is a lower-case "x", then the encrypted passwords is stored inside /etc/shadowfile.

For more information look at the output of these commands:

* man 5 passwd * man 5 shadow

Are commands other than shell built-in executed in kernel?

No. All commands are executed in userspace. If the command is not built-in to the shell, it will look in a binary directory (/sbin, /bin, /usr/bin, or /usr/local/bin) for a program matching that name.

What is the difference between the useradd and adduser command?

On Debian or Ubuntu systems, useradd is a command itself, and you can create users and define options to them using this command, and adduser is a perl script, that uses useradd to create the account, asking you the password, Full-name, phone and others ..

On Fedora or CentOS systems, adduser is just a symbolic link to useradd, but may try to copy the script from a Debian system to the CentOS one, I have never tried it, and may need to modify it a little before using it.

On Gentoo systems, is the same as in CentOS or Fedora, adduser is just a symbolic link to useradd.

What is the Ext4?

Ext4 (fourth extended filesystem) is file system used in Linux and it was introduced as the successor to ext3. Ext 4 is a deeper improvement over ext3, many of them was originally developed by Cluster file system from 2003 to 2006, aiming to extend storage limitation and improving performance. But some developer of Linux kernel did not accept extensions to ext3 for the reason of stability. They advised to fork the ext3's source code and rename it as ext4. Then the ext3 filesystem maintainer announced the new plan of ext4 in 2006. In the year 2008, the ext4 file system was released, which is contained in Linux 2.6.28. Ext4 filesystem is an improved design with better performance, reliability and features. The follow part talks about several main features of ext4 file system.

  • Backward compatibility. Ext4 filesystem is backward compatible with ext3 and ext2. Ext 3 filesystem can be migrated to ext4 with the help of several commands in read-only mode. Thus you can convert ext3 to ext4 without reformatting or reinstalling operating system. But you cannot go back to ext3 once it is has upgraded to ext4.
  • Journal checksumming. Journal is one of the most used parts of the disk, which makes block that form part of it more prone to hardware failure. Sine recovering from corrupted journal can cause massive corruption, ext4 checksums the journal data to make sure whether journal blocks are corrupted. Besides, it is able to safely avoid disk I/O waiting during journaling, improving performance.
  • Larger filesystem / file size. Ext3 supports 16TB maximum filesystem size and 2TB maximum file system, while ext4 can support up to 1EB (1EB = 1024PB = 1024*1024TB =1024*1024 GB) file system size and 16TB of maximum file size, as ext4 adds 48-bit block addressing. 1EB = 1024PB = 1024*1024TB =1024*1024 GB

What command did you use to create directory?

mkdir

this is the new directory command.

or in kde/gnome right click in a folder and choose new folder.

Can you install Linux without a CD or usb?

Some Linux distributions have the ability to be installed over a network. However, it should be noted that this is an endeavor that is intermediate to expert in difficulty.

Are file permissions considered a bit mask?

a bit mask is the subtracted value that would allow you to obtain the actual file permission.

For example,

consider that a file permission of 777 gives everyone full permissions

You want the default file permission for all files created to be 755

You would then set your umask value to 022

Think about it in binary. File permissions consist of three 3-bit numbers, whose values can range from 000 (decimal 0) to 111(decimal 7)

111 111 111 (full permissions, or, 777)

-000 010 010 (subtract bit mask of 022)

-------------------

111 101 101 (actual file permissions 755)

your default bit mask on linux is set in either /etc/bashrc or /etc/profile. If you want to set it for a single person, you could do it in your .bashrc or .profile in your home directory.

How do you install Eye of Gnome on Xubuntu?

You can install it via the Terminal by typing "sudo apt-get install eog". Some extra packages might be required for it to run (e.g. the GTK).

What is the ls -F command?

Lists your files in the directory and allows appending of indicators (one of */=@|) to entries

What is a server daemon?

A server daemon is a program that runs in the background and provides some sort of service, such as a web server, SSH server, or a database server.