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Linux
A free and open-source family of operating systems first started in 1991 and named after its creator, Linus Torvalds.
2,239 Questions
Are commands other than shell built-in executed in kernel?
No. All commands are executed in userspace. If the command is not built-in to the shell, it will look in a binary directory (/sbin, /bin, /usr/bin, or /usr/local/bin) for a program matching that name.
What is the difference between the useradd and adduser command?
On Debian or Ubuntu systems, useradd is a command itself, and you can create users and define options to them using this command, and adduser is a perl script, that uses useradd to create the account, asking you the password, Full-name, phone and others ..
On Fedora or CentOS systems, adduser is just a symbolic link to useradd, but may try to copy the script from a Debian system to the CentOS one, I have never tried it, and may need to modify it a little before using it.
On Gentoo systems, is the same as in CentOS or Fedora, adduser is just a symbolic link to useradd.
Ext4 (fourth extended filesystem) is file system used in Linux and it was introduced as the successor to ext3. Ext 4 is a deeper improvement over ext3, many of them was originally developed by Cluster file system from 2003 to 2006, aiming to extend storage limitation and improving performance. But some developer of Linux kernel did not accept extensions to ext3 for the reason of stability. They advised to fork the ext3's source code and rename it as ext4. Then the ext3 filesystem maintainer announced the new plan of ext4 in 2006. In the year 2008, the ext4 file system was released, which is contained in Linux 2.6.28. Ext4 filesystem is an improved design with better performance, reliability and features. The follow part talks about several main features of ext4 file system.
- Backward compatibility. Ext4 filesystem is backward compatible with ext3 and ext2. Ext 3 filesystem can be migrated to ext4 with the help of several commands in read-only mode. Thus you can convert ext3 to ext4 without reformatting or reinstalling operating system. But you cannot go back to ext3 once it is has upgraded to ext4.
- Journal checksumming. Journal is one of the most used parts of the disk, which makes block that form part of it more prone to hardware failure. Sine recovering from corrupted journal can cause massive corruption, ext4 checksums the journal data to make sure whether journal blocks are corrupted. Besides, it is able to safely avoid disk I/O waiting during journaling, improving performance.
- Larger filesystem / file size. Ext3 supports 16TB maximum filesystem size and 2TB maximum file system, while ext4 can support up to 1EB (1EB = 1024PB = 1024*1024TB =1024*1024 GB) file system size and 16TB of maximum file size, as ext4 adds 48-bit block addressing. 1EB = 1024PB = 1024*1024TB =1024*1024 GB
What command did you use to create directory?
mkdir
this is the new directory command.
or in kde/gnome right click in a folder and choose new folder.
ifconfig -a
Can you install Linux without a CD or usb?
Some Linux distributions have the ability to be installed over a network. However, it should be noted that this is an endeavor that is intermediate to expert in difficulty.
Are file permissions considered a bit mask?
a bit mask is the subtracted value that would allow you to obtain the actual file permission.
For example,
consider that a file permission of 777 gives everyone full permissions
You want the default file permission for all files created to be 755
You would then set your umask value to 022
Think about it in binary. File permissions consist of three 3-bit numbers, whose values can range from 000 (decimal 0) to 111(decimal 7)
111 111 111 (full permissions, or, 777)
-000 010 010 (subtract bit mask of 022)
-------------------
111 101 101 (actual file permissions 755)
your default bit mask on linux is set in either /etc/bashrc or /etc/profile. If you want to set it for a single person, you could do it in your .bashrc or .profile in your home directory.
How do you install Eye of Gnome on Xubuntu?
You can install it via the Terminal by typing "sudo apt-get install eog". Some extra packages might be required for it to run (e.g. the GTK).
Lists your files in the directory and allows appending of indicators (one of */=@|) to entries
A server daemon is a program that runs in the background and provides some sort of service, such as a web server, SSH server, or a database server.
LPR Port Monitor
Is Mobile Linux Operating System powerful and Why?
Linux is not an power full Operating system XP is the most powerfull operating system
How do you use Windows XP and Linux operating system together?
By dual-booting. You install them both to the same computer and choose between them at boot.
Difference between kali Linux mini iso and kali Linux iso?
"The Kali mini ISO is a convenient way to install a minimal Kali system and install it "from scratch". The mini install ISO will download all required packages from our repositories, meaning you need to have a fast Internet connection to use this installation method."
What is the full path name of your home directory?
If your user name is tom it would be /home/tom or if your user name is Mary it would be /home/Mary
Is child's PID and parents' PID identical?
No, every process gets its own PID. Otherwise, all PIDs would be the same, since every process is a child of some other process, all the way back to the init process (PID 1).
The fork() system call will return the PID of the child to the parent, and will return 0 to the child. The child can find out its own PID with getpid(), and its parent PID with getppid().
What does it mean when your printer says broken pipe?
The OS is telling you that it has lost the ability to write data to the printer. This is normally caused by some sort of corruption in the system.
I would try deleting the print job and trying again. If that does not work delete the printer and enable it again. If that does not work reboot the computer and restart the printer. The last step is to reinstall the printer drivers.
How do you shut down a Linux system?
You can shut down most Linux systems by issuing the 'halt' command.
Which commands can you use to display the pathname of a current working directory?
You can use the pwd command in Unix-like operating systems to display the pathname of the current working directory. In Windows Command Prompt, you can use the cd command without any arguments to achieve the same result. Additionally, in PowerShell, the command Get-Location can be used to show the current directory.
If you mean what language is Linux written in, then it is written primarily in C, with architecture-specific components written in Assembly and many device drivers are written in C++.
Mind you, that's the operating system layer (Kernelspace) and not always what you'll find in userspace, where a lot of software is written from languages as low-level as Assembly to as high level as Python and many mixtures in between.
If you mean encoding, Linux uses just about any standard encoding you can think of, but usually just defaults to UTF-8.
If you mean source code, Linux uses its own.
