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Lymphatic System
This category is for questions about the various vessels by which lymph, a watery fluid of leukocytes, circulates through the body, providing transportation for some materials and removing particulate from tissues.
1,658 Questions
Lymph consists on water and disolved materials such as glucose it also contains some white blood cells that have left the capilaries and it comes from the limphatic system.
How does the appendix help to the immune system of the body?
As of yet, the purpose of the appendix in the human body is not known. It is simply there and is often removed. Anyhow, appendix do play role in fetal development and adult.In fetus appendix act as a endocrine organ and in adult they help our body immune system to combat against microbes as it 'train' our immune system by exposing antigens to lymphoid cells in order to produce antibody.
An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. It detects a wide variety of agents, from viruses to parasitic worms, and needs to distinguish them from the organism's own healthy cells and tissues in order to function properly. Detection is complicated as pathogens can evolve rapidly, producing adaptations that avoid the immune system and allow the pathogens to successfully infect their hosts.
To survive this challenge, multiple mechanisms evolved that recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess enzyme systems that protect against viral infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants, fish, reptiles, and insects. These mechanisms include antimicrobial peptides called defensins, phagocytes, and the complement system. Vertebrates such as humans have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms.[1] The immune systems of vertebrates consist of many types of proteins, cells, organs, and tissues, which interact in an elaborate and dynamic network. As part of this more complex immune response, the human immune system adapts over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. This adaptation process is referred to as "adaptive immunity" or "acquired immunity" and creates immunological memory. Immunological memory created from a primary response to a specific pathogen, provides an enhanced response to secondary encounters with that same, specific pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.
Disorders in the immune system can result in disease. Immunodeficiency diseases occur when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. Immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease, such as severe combined immunodeficiency, or be produced by pharmaceuticals or an infection, such as the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
The lymphatic system produces antibodies to fight germs and infection and filters your circulatory system of leaked liquids to prevent your body from inflating like a balloon.
What does 45nm technology node mean?
45nm technology refers to size of the transistors in a chip. A technology node is defined as the ground rules of a process
governed by the smallest feature printed in a repetitive array.
The half-pitch of first-level interconnect dense lines is most
representative of the DRAM technology level required for the
smallest economical chip size . This is currently chosen
as the dimension that defines a technology node. It is, however,
anticipated that in the future, the half-pitch dimensions of either
metal or polysilicon interconnections of microprocessors
(MPUs) and ASIC devices may rival or even become smaller than
the corresponding half-pitch of DRAM. The half-pitch dimension
however, may not represent the smaller feature of the chip.
For instance, for logic devices, such as MPUs, physical bottom
gate length represents the smallest feature. Nevertheless, the
technology node definition remains tight to the half-pitch indicator
as defined above. see this ref. for more http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/101/21453/00994854.pdf?arnumber=994854
Does defragmenting the system multiple times in a row help the system run more smoothly?
From my experience, the answer would be no. The only circumstances in which defrag makes any noticeable change in system performance is if it's an old Windows 98 computer with a small hard drive that is almost filled to capacity. Just so you know, I'd consider small less than 10GB. If your system has Windows XP, you're pretty much wasting time by running defrag. It will probably do it's job of moving fragments back to their appropriate space on the disk, but you'll never even notice the difference. :) Goodluck!
